{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003781175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.1979.10005","title":"The BINAC: A Case Study in the History of Technology","display_name":"The BINAC: A Case Study in the History of Technology","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003781175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.1979.10005","mag":"2003781175"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mahc.1979.10005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.1979.10005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.1979.10005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118545620","display_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","issn_l":"0164-1239","issn":["0164-1239","1058-6180","1934-1547"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010698916","display_name":"Nancy Stern","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2919-924X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2919-924X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139290212","display_name":"Hofstra University","ror":"https://ror.org/03pm18j10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139290212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nancy Stern","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Administrative Computer Systems, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Administrative Computer Systems, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139290212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010698916"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139290212"],"apc_list":{"value":2995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2995},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.375,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95415959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"9","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12797","display_name":"History of Computing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12797","display_name":"History of Computing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13308","display_name":"Cybernetics and Technology in Society","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stored-program-computers","display_name":"stored-program computers","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remington-rand","display_name":"Remington Rand","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-computing","display_name":"history of computing","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-development","display_name":"computer development","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-acquisition","display_name":"corporate acquisition","score":0.503000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993525830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861141","display_name":"Rand corporation","level":2,"score":0.822364330291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167037","display_name":"Corporation","level":2,"score":0.7742804884910583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.537487804889679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2735691","display_name":"History of computing","level":2,"score":0.4712534248828888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4687481224536896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.37770968675613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3572709560394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29338985681533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2870529890060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2858484983444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12324327230453491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mahc.1979.10005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.1979.10005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.1979.10005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118545620","display_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","issn_l":"0164-1239","issn":["0164-1239","1058-6180","1934-1547"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008134361","https://openalex.org/W2044581040","https://openalex.org/W2047537434","https://openalex.org/W2113621053","https://openalex.org/W2141005568","https://openalex.org/W2321339900","https://openalex.org/W2587179820","https://openalex.org/W2809992927","https://openalex.org/W4206331201","https://openalex.org/W4242102069","https://openalex.org/W4298252441"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2335205981","https://openalex.org/W4244838374","https://openalex.org/W2904492452","https://openalex.org/W2172244479","https://openalex.org/W2109986682","https://openalex.org/W7131870066","https://openalex.org/W2467272757","https://openalex.org/W4293089868","https://openalex.org/W123223307","https://openalex.org/W4248541951"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"BINAC,":[1],"short":[2],"for":[3],"Binary":[4],"Automatic":[5],"Computer,":[6],"was":[7],"developed":[8],"by":[9,73],"John":[10,15],"Presper":[11],"Eckert,":[12],"Jr.":[13],"and":[14,52,69],"William":[16],"Mauchly":[17],"during":[18],"the":[19,26,32,40,50,53,65],"years":[20],"1947-1949":[21],"under":[22],"a":[23],"contract":[24],"with":[25],"Northrop":[27],"Aircraft":[28],"Corporation.":[29],"It":[30,59],"became":[31],"first":[33],"operational":[34],"stored":[35],"program":[36],"computer":[37],"completed":[38],"in":[39],"United":[41],"States.":[42],"This":[43],"paper":[44],"provides":[45],"an":[46],"historical":[47],"analysis":[48],"of":[49],"BINAC":[51],"issues":[54],"relating":[55,63],"to":[56,64],"its":[57,70],"development.":[58],"also":[60],"considers":[61],"factors":[62],"Eckert-Mauchly":[66],"Computer":[67],"Corporation":[68],"ultimate":[71],"acquisition":[72],"Remington":[74],"Rand.":[75]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
