{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003674093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/am.2012.330177","title":"Control Approach to Nuclear Safety","display_name":"Control Approach to Nuclear Safety","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003674093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/am.2012.330177","mag":"2003674093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/am.2012.330177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/am.2012.330177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/am.2012.330177","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=24086","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211746","display_name":"Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"2152-7385","issn":["2152-7385","2152-7393"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=24086","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023156578","display_name":"Joseph Olorunju Omolehin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134542131","display_name":"University of Ilorin","ror":"https://ror.org/032kdwk38","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134542131"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Olorunju Omolehin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics , University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Nigeria","Department of Mathematics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics , University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134542131"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134542131"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103429047","display_name":"Aminu Lukman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134542131","display_name":"University of Ilorin","ror":"https://ror.org/032kdwk38","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134542131"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aminu Lukman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics , University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Nigeria","Department of Mathematics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics , University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134542131"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134542131"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kamilu Rauf","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134542131","display_name":"University of Ilorin","ror":"https://ror.org/032kdwk38","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134542131"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamilu Rauf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics , University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Nigeria","Department of Mathematics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics , University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134542131"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134542131"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134542131"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0755,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79569157,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"03","issue":"10","first_page":"1215","last_page":"1219"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10597","display_name":"Nuclear reactor physics and engineering","score":0.483599990606308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10597","display_name":"Nuclear reactor physics and engineering","score":0.483599990606308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13923","display_name":"Nuclear and radioactivity studies","score":0.1687999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.10790000110864639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-safety","display_name":"nuclear safety","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-reactor-accidents","display_name":"nuclear reactor accidents","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-balance-equation","display_name":"energy balance equation","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-modeling","display_name":"parametric modeling","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-model","display_name":"mathematical model","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjugate-gradient-method","display_name":"conjugate gradient method","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-strategy","display_name":"control strategy","score":0.3840000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.46004796028137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4549311399459839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.45400500297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780289543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424630","display_name":"Accident (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4343375861644745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.4242748022079468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4229195713996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41686922311782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.38577523827552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29278799891471863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2247854769229889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.19897869229316711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.154484361410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12031883001327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11755490303039551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09861364960670471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08743664622306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4236/am.2012.330177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/am.2012.330177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/am.2012.330177","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=24086","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211746","display_name":"Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"2152-7385","issn":["2152-7385","2152-7393"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/am.2012.330177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/am.2012.330177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/am.2012.330177","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=24086","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211746","display_name":"Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"2152-7385","issn":["2152-7385","2152-7393"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6600000262260437}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2003674093.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2003674093.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091713386","https://openalex.org/W2134951204","https://openalex.org/W2540806829","https://openalex.org/W2970532322","https://openalex.org/W2981960515","https://openalex.org/W3160124781"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063879368","https://openalex.org/W2356682536","https://openalex.org/W643289782","https://openalex.org/W2025439573","https://openalex.org/W4210729996","https://openalex.org/W2078609410","https://openalex.org/W2381034916","https://openalex.org/W4247529308","https://openalex.org/W3184075555","https://openalex.org/W2100352819"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,17,32,40],"advantages":[2],"of":[3,34],"nuclear":[4,23],"technology":[5,24],"to":[6,30],"mankind,":[7],"it":[8],"attendance":[9],"accident":[10],"is":[11],"always":[12],"catastrophic.":[13],"In":[14],"this":[15],"work,":[16],"energy":[18],"balance":[19],"equations":[20],"associated":[21],"with":[22],"are":[25],"structured":[26],"in":[27],"parametric":[28],"form":[29,31],"basis":[33],"our":[35],"Mathematical":[36],"model":[37],"solvable":[38],"by":[39],"Conjugate":[41],"Gradient":[42],"Method":[43],"(CGM).":[44]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}