{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003402171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1980.52.5.0611","title":"Neurological course and correlated computerized tomography findings after severe closed head injury","display_name":"Neurological course and correlated computerized tomography findings after severe closed head injury","publication_year":1980,"publication_date":"1980-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003402171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1980.52.5.0611","mag":"2003402171","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7373389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3171/jns.1980.52.5.0611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1980.52.5.0611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1980.52.5.0611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1995308","display_name":"Journal of neurosurgery","issn_l":"0022-3085","issn":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316861","host_organization_name":"American Association of Neurological Surgeons","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316861"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Neurological Surgeons"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurosurgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043512793","display_name":"Guy L. Clifton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guy L. Clifton","raw_affiliation_strings":["UT Medical Branch at Galveston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UT Medical Branch at Galveston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054255550","display_name":"Robert G. Grossman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7006-7612","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7006-7612"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert G. Grossman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111709451","display_name":"Merry E. Makela","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Merry E. Makela","raw_affiliation_strings":["UT Medical Branch at Galveston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UT Medical Branch at Galveston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103385101","display_name":"Michael E. Miner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael E. Miner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058535870","display_name":"Stanley F. Handel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanley Handel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109999230","display_name":"Vijay K. Sadhu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijay Sadhu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.1232,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":163,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98924866,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"5","first_page":"611","last_page":"624"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10706","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10706","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.02419999986886978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11467","display_name":"Trauma and Emergency Care Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-closed-head-injury","display_name":"severe closed head injury","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traumatic-brain-injury","display_name":"traumatic brain injury","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glasgow-coma-scale","display_name":"Glasgow Coma Scale","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurological-deterioration","display_name":"neurological deterioration","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intracranial-hematoma","display_name":"intracranial hematoma","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-edema","display_name":"cerebral edema","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-effect","display_name":"mass effect","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coma","display_name":"coma","score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hematoma-evacuation","display_name":"hematoma evacuation","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intracranial-pressure-management","display_name":"intracranial pressure management","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computed-tomography-findings","display_name":"computed tomography findings","score":0.4309999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9322554469108582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17624336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461644","display_name":"Glasgow Coma Scale","level":2,"score":0.717194676399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468787","display_name":"Hematoma","level":2,"score":0.6921148300170898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779493303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q979168","display_name":"Cerebral edema","level":2,"score":0.6198282241821289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777975874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920572","display_name":"Head injury","level":2,"score":0.5792630314826965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100136789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1772448","display_name":"Coma (optics)","level":2,"score":0.544762372970581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780886150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152234","display_name":"Edema","level":2,"score":0.526178240776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.4918711185455322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777318445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6842571","display_name":"Midline shift","level":3,"score":0.4738081991672516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.46907490491867065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.45152583718299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.4216039180755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019520628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920572","display_name":"Head trauma","level":2,"score":0.4170226752758026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001930","descriptor_name":"Brain Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001930","descriptor_name":"Brain Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001930","descriptor_name":"Brain Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001930","descriptor_name":"Brain Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002543","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Hemorrhage","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003128","descriptor_name":"Coma","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003128","descriptor_name":"Coma","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006259","descriptor_name":"Craniocerebral Trauma","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006259","descriptor_name":"Craniocerebral Trauma","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006406","descriptor_name":"Hematoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006406","descriptor_name":"Hematoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3171/jns.1980.52.5.0611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1980.52.5.0611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1980.52.5.0611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1995308","display_name":"Journal of neurosurgery","issn_l":"0022-3085","issn":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316861","host_organization_name":"American Association of Neurological Surgeons","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316861"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Neurological Surgeons"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurosurgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7373389","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7373389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of neurosurgery","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2185438306","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://thejns.org/doi/pdf/10.3171/jns.1980.52.5.0611","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501832070","https://openalex.org/W1603121691","https://openalex.org/W1629254220","https://openalex.org/W1972105205","https://openalex.org/W1972253138","https://openalex.org/W1978515940","https://openalex.org/W1979482916","https://openalex.org/W1995594765","https://openalex.org/W2027136399","https://openalex.org/W2051418496","https://openalex.org/W2056357750","https://openalex.org/W2059000843","https://openalex.org/W2061598791","https://openalex.org/W2070454903","https://openalex.org/W2080678319","https://openalex.org/W2088545520","https://openalex.org/W2094275066","https://openalex.org/W2109095295","https://openalex.org/W2115577166","https://openalex.org/W2117275990","https://openalex.org/W2118525539","https://openalex.org/W2124385018","https://openalex.org/W2165566041","https://openalex.org/W2170766421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185438306","https://openalex.org/W2082556367","https://openalex.org/W2373849873","https://openalex.org/W2031559682","https://openalex.org/W2000500403","https://openalex.org/W2086492428","https://openalex.org/W2315490225","https://openalex.org/W1482368412","https://openalex.org/W7098790904","https://openalex.org/W2054666870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"includes":[2],"124":[3,296],"patients":[4,209],"with":[5,10,59,118,123,177,187,195,226,301],"closed":[6],"head":[7],"injuries":[8],"and":[9,76,192,306,318],"Glasgow":[11],"Coma":[12],"Scale":[13],"(GCS)":[14],"scores":[15,92],"of":[16,104,107,135,156,200,222,237,254,290,304,308],"less":[17],"than":[18,120],"or":[19,47,51,95,147,179,197,203,242,256],"equal":[20,60],"to":[21,65,266],"8,":[22],"who":[23,70,128,137,212],"were":[24,130,299],"admitted":[25],"over":[26],"a":[27,100],"7":[28,49,66,267],"1/2-month":[29],"period.":[30],"The":[31],"time":[32],"at":[33],"which":[34,298],"death":[35],"occurred":[36,42,58,111],"after":[37,48,53,67,269],"injury":[38],"was":[39,292],"bimodal:":[40],"deaths":[41],"either":[43],"within":[44],"48":[45,74,143],"hours":[46,75,144],"days":[50,268],"longer":[52],"injury.":[54,68,126],"Neurological":[55],"deterioration,":[56],"however,":[57],"frequency":[61],"on":[62,93,149,258,284],"Days":[63],"2":[64,265],"Patients":[69,127],"survived":[71],"the":[72,85,133,141,150,208,247,281,295],"first":[73,142],"then":[77],"suffered":[78],"neurological":[79],"deterioration":[80,275],"did":[81,272],"not":[82,273],"differ":[83],"from":[84],"total":[86],"population":[87],"in":[88,116,121,140,210],"age,":[89],"sex,":[90],"GCS":[91],"admission,":[94],"pupillary":[96],"reactivity,":[97],"but":[98,271],"had":[99,215],"much":[101],"higher":[102],"incidence":[103],"intracranial":[105,309],"hematomas":[106,119,305],"all":[108],"types.":[109],"Deterioration":[110],"three":[112],"times":[113],"more":[114,148],"frequently":[115],"those":[117,122,136,157,168,176,186,194],"diffuse":[124],"brain":[125,238,248],"deteriorated":[129],"rarely":[131],"among":[132],"35%":[134],"rapidly":[138],"improved":[139],"(4":[145],"points":[146],"GCS).":[151],"Computerized":[152],"tomography":[153],"(CT)":[154],"scans":[155],"deteriorating":[158,225],"(24":[159],"patients)":[160],"could":[161],"be":[162],"divided":[163],"into":[164],"four":[165],"categories:":[166],"1)":[167],"without":[169],"new":[170,178,201,227,277],"mass":[171,228,278],"effect":[172,279],"(eight":[173,205],"cases);":[174,184,191],"2)":[175],"increased":[180],"hemispheric":[181,244],"edema":[182,189,202,245],"(six":[183],"3)":[185],"generalized":[188],"(two":[190],"4)":[193],"focal":[196],"lobar":[198],"areas":[199],"hemorrhage":[204],"cases).":[206],"Of":[207],"coma":[211],"deteriorated,":[213],"19%":[214],"large,":[216],"delayed":[217],"intracerebral":[218,240],"hematomas.":[219],"In":[220],"11":[221],"16":[223],"cases":[224],"effect,":[229],"prior":[230],"compression":[231,257],"by":[232,239],"overlying":[233],"extracerebral":[234],"hematoma,":[235,241],"disruption":[236,255],"preexisting":[243],"preceded":[246],"swelling":[249],"that":[250],"caused":[251],"deterioration.":[252],"Areas":[253],"CT":[259,285],"scan":[260],"typically":[261],"developed":[262],"decreased":[263],"attenuation":[264],"injury,":[270],"cause":[274],"unless":[276],"accompanied":[280],"lucency":[282],"appearing":[283],"scan.":[286],"A":[287],"mortality":[288],"rate":[289],"29%":[291],"achieved":[293],"for":[294,315,319],"cases,":[297],"managed":[300],"early":[302],"evacuation":[303],"control":[307],"pressure.":[310],"Certain":[311],"methods":[312],"are":[313],"suggested":[314],"evaluating":[316],"therapy":[317],"comparing":[320],"clinical":[321],"series.":[322]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
