{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003398233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318195a21a","title":"Hyperandrogenism May Explain Reproductive Dysfunction in Olympic Athletes","display_name":"Hyperandrogenism May Explain Reproductive Dysfunction in Olympic Athletes","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003398233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318195a21a","mag":"2003398233","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19461542"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318195a21a","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318195a21a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318195a21a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14544163","display_name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","issn_l":"0195-9131","issn":["0195-9131","1530-0315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080586921","display_name":"Magnus Hagmar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MAGNUS HAGMAR","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Woman and Child Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. magnus.hagmar@karolinska.se","Department of Woman and Child Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SWEDEN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Woman and Child Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. magnus.hagmar@karolinska.se","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Woman and Child Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SWEDEN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080472505","display_name":"Bo Berglund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9543-835X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9543-835X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"BO BERGLUND","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SWEDEN","Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SWEDEN; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SWEDEN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SWEDEN; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009857199","display_name":"Kerstin Brismar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5241-514X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5241-514X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KERSTIN BRISMAR","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SWEDEN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SWEDEN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033369161","display_name":"Angelica Lind\u00e9n Hirschberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6481-6277","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6481-6277"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ANGELICA LIND\u00c9N HIRSCHBERG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Woman and Child Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SWEDEN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Woman and Child Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SWEDEN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1613,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":121,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95366823,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"6","first_page":"1241","last_page":"1248"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10390","display_name":"Ovarian function and disorders","score":0.923799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10390","display_name":"Ovarian function and disorders","score":0.923799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10960","display_name":"Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones","score":0.06340000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12054","display_name":"Menstrual Health and Disorders","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperandrogenism","display_name":"hyperandrogenism","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-disorders","display_name":"reproductive disorders","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/menstrual-disorders","display_name":"menstrual disorders","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polycystic-ovary-syndrome","display_name":"polycystic ovary syndrome","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-availability","display_name":"energy availability","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-composition","display_name":"body composition","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-mineral-density","display_name":"bone mineral density","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hormonal-contraception","display_name":"hormonal contraception","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endurance-athletes","display_name":"endurance athletes","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-athletes","display_name":"power athletes","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothalamic-inhibition","display_name":"hypothalamic inhibition","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-deficiency","display_name":"energy deficiency","score":0.6610000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.7631898522377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7429449558258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780186808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10529545","display_name":"Hyperandrogenism","level":5,"score":0.6731536984443665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46699223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11078","display_name":"Endocrine system","level":3,"score":0.6060085296630859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777083390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367706","display_name":"Osteopenia","level":4,"score":0.594264566898346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.5677453875541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018442814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500816","display_name":"Polycystic ovary","level":4,"score":0.5366086363792419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779058012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83864","display_name":"Menstrual cycle","level":3,"score":0.489928662776947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779279991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6058681","display_name":"Testosterone (patch)","level":2,"score":0.42517516016960144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993494880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1816033","display_name":"Elite athletes","level":3,"score":0.4109255075454712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3780275881290436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3472616672515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.34449684619903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.339446485042572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.33211344480514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.304169237613678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776886416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4941567","display_name":"Bone mineral","level":3,"score":0.2964017987251282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776541429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165328","display_name":"Osteoporosis","level":2,"score":0.29196226596832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.18010592460632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.09837353229522705}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001823","descriptor_name":"Body Composition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011085","descriptor_name":"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013177","descriptor_name":"Sports","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014621","descriptor_name":"Vagina","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015519","descriptor_name":"Bone Density","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017079","descriptor_name":"Exercise Tolerance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053716","descriptor_name":"Female Athlete Triad Syndrome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318195a21a","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318195a21a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318195a21a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14544163","display_name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","issn_l":"0195-9131","issn":["0195-9131","1530-0315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19461542","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19461542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine and science in sports and exercise","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1882809294","https://openalex.org/W1929260690","https://openalex.org/W1963592766","https://openalex.org/W1964674536","https://openalex.org/W1967691555","https://openalex.org/W1971238825","https://openalex.org/W1976701111","https://openalex.org/W1979143098","https://openalex.org/W1983022077","https://openalex.org/W1985712810","https://openalex.org/W1996226099","https://openalex.org/W2012013484","https://openalex.org/W2012388796","https://openalex.org/W2018281370","https://openalex.org/W2020514303","https://openalex.org/W2021199790","https://openalex.org/W2023629620","https://openalex.org/W2053437093","https://openalex.org/W2057490855","https://openalex.org/W2064315460","https://openalex.org/W2068188210","https://openalex.org/W2073142272","https://openalex.org/W2073531479","https://openalex.org/W2081500652","https://openalex.org/W2086651817","https://openalex.org/W2098532856","https://openalex.org/W2111579639","https://openalex.org/W2113345949","https://openalex.org/W2117241630","https://openalex.org/W2126785421","https://openalex.org/W2153868160","https://openalex.org/W2162145037","https://openalex.org/W2186218348","https://openalex.org/W2316341447","https://openalex.org/W2614908804","https://openalex.org/W4246448558","https://openalex.org/W4249876101","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4296921802","https://openalex.org/W4302435679","https://openalex.org/W6668513583"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005837084","https://openalex.org/W1984664891","https://openalex.org/W1495091742","https://openalex.org/W2036401005","https://openalex.org/W2792303798","https://openalex.org/W2023629620","https://openalex.org/W416714443","https://openalex.org/W3207483528","https://openalex.org/W2121787834","https://openalex.org/W7095224101"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"Female":[1,188],"athletes":[2,63,73,190],"are":[3,26],"known":[4],"to":[5,50,197,220],"be":[6],"at":[7],"risk":[8],"for":[9,28,95],"reproductive":[10,99,229],"dysfunction":[11,118,230],"and":[12,21,57,84,101,139,149,179,203],"osteopenia":[13],"because":[14,183],"of":[15,45,86,98,103,136,141,184,205,214,237],"energy":[16,104,142,185,206,239],"deficiency.":[17,186,240],"Although":[18],"endocrine":[19,58],"balance":[20,59],"an":[22,199],"optimal":[23],"body":[24,55,87,137,201],"composition":[25,202],"essential":[27],"top":[29],"elite":[30],"performance,":[31],"these":[32],"parameters":[33],"have":[34,198],"not":[35,125,180],"yet":[36],"been":[37],"explored":[38],"fully":[39],"in":[40,60,65,130,163,192,231],"Olympic":[41,62,72,189],"sportswomen.":[42],"The":[43,167],"objective":[44],"this":[46],"study,":[47],"therefore,":[48],"was":[49,120,159,174],"characterize":[51],"the":[52,96,109,134,146,154,164,209,225],"menstrual":[53,215],"status,":[54],"composition,":[56],"female":[61,71],"participating":[64,191],"different":[66,193],"disciplines.":[67],"METHODS:":[68],"Ninety":[69],"Swedish":[70],"underwent":[74],"a":[75,235],"gynecologic":[76],"examination":[77,81],"that":[78,228],"included":[79],"vaginal":[80],"by":[82],"ultrasound":[83],"determination":[85],"composition.":[88],"In":[89],"addition,":[90],"blood":[91],"samples":[92],"were":[93,112,144,195,218],"collected":[94],"analysis":[97],"hormones":[100],"biomarkers":[102,140,204],"availability.":[105],"RESULTS:":[106],"Of":[107],"all":[108],"athletes,":[110],"47%":[111],"using":[113,126],"hormonal":[114],"contraception":[115],"(HC).":[116],"Menstrual":[117],"(MD)":[119],"common":[121,169],"(27%)":[122],"among":[123],"those":[124],"HC":[127],"and,":[128],"particularly,":[129],"endurance":[131],"athletes.":[132,166],"However,":[133],"proportion":[135],"fat":[138],"availability":[143,207],"within":[145,208],"normal":[147,210],"ranges":[148],"none":[150],"exhibited":[151],"osteopenia.":[152],"On":[153],"contrary,":[155],"bone":[156],"mineral":[157],"density":[158],"generally":[160],"high,":[161],"particularly":[162],"power":[165],"most":[168],"diagnosis":[170],"associated":[171],"with":[172],"MD":[173],"polycystic":[175],"ovary":[176],"syndrome":[177],"(PCOS)":[178],"hypothalamic":[181],"inhibition":[182],"CONCLUSIONS:":[187],"sports":[194],"found":[196],"anabolic":[200],"ranges.":[211],"Most":[212],"cases":[213],"disturbances":[216],"observed":[217],"due":[219],"PCOS.":[221],"These":[222],"findings":[223],"challenge":[224],"contemporary":[226],"concept":[227],"sportswomen":[232],"is":[233],"typically":[234],"consequence":[236],"chronic":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
