{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003370331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-4972(93)90054-y","title":"University scientists as entrepreneurs: a special case of technology transfer and high-tech venturing","display_name":"University scientists as entrepreneurs: a special case of technology transfer and high-tech venturing","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003370331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-4972(93)90054-y","mag":"2003370331"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0166-4972(93)90054-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-4972(93)90054-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-4972(93)90054-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70698675","display_name":"Technovation","issn_l":"0166-4972","issn":["0166-4972","1879-2383"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-2","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technovation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044338424","display_name":"Karel J. Samsom","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111236770","display_name":"University of Vermont","ror":"https://ror.org/0155zta11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I870178186","display_name":"Nyenrode Business University","ror":"https://ror.org/018528593","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I870178186"]}],"countries":["NL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karel J. Samsom","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Vermont & Nijenrode Universiteit, The Netherlands School of Business, The Netherland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Vermont & Nijenrode Universiteit, The Netherlands School of Business, The Netherland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770","https://openalex.org/I870178186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060492649","display_name":"Michael A. Gurdon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111236770","display_name":"University of Vermont","ror":"https://ror.org/0155zta11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael A. Gurdon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4786,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":160,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9376392,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"63","last_page":"71"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13276","display_name":"University-Industry-Government Innovation Models","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-scientists","display_name":"university scientists","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-transfer","display_name":"technology transfer","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-commercialization","display_name":"technology commercialization","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-industry-collaboration","display_name":"university-industry collaboration","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurial-failure","display_name":"entrepreneurial failure","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managerial-skills","display_name":"management skills","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-careers","display_name":"academic careers","score":0.414000004529953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780625559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152592","display_name":"Commercialization","level":2,"score":0.7973981499671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777950569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021836","display_name":"Stewardship (theology)","level":3,"score":0.5855839848518372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.5504933595657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143177785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172437","display_name":"Corporate venture capital","level":3,"score":0.5176887512207031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49677926301956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.49622684717178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985879086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061910","display_name":"Technology transfer","level":2,"score":0.4261252284049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776601338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17152789","display_name":"New Ventures","level":3,"score":0.4175936281681061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.41081559658050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21279758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219409","display_name":"Venture capital","level":2,"score":0.4035962224006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.3923113942146301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.3481123447418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.29981642961502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.14008870720863342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11886006593704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0166-4972(93)90054-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-4972(93)90054-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-4972(93)90054-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70698675","display_name":"Technovation","issn_l":"0166-4972","issn":["0166-4972","1879-2383"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-2","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technovation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W585475793","https://openalex.org/W1604285157","https://openalex.org/W2014049116","https://openalex.org/W2027557647","https://openalex.org/W2036018468","https://openalex.org/W2061610002","https://openalex.org/W2079259736","https://openalex.org/W2320426707","https://openalex.org/W2553365378","https://openalex.org/W3144127399","https://openalex.org/W3147940169","https://openalex.org/W4236545556"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W975246631","https://openalex.org/W2052592041","https://openalex.org/W2548696007","https://openalex.org/W7099502600","https://openalex.org/W2750642852","https://openalex.org/W2549490636","https://openalex.org/W1988519635","https://openalex.org/W2045088464","https://openalex.org/W2936984063","https://openalex.org/W2920460326"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
