{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003276018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/01480545.2012.710624","title":"Toxicity of ricin toxin A chain in rats","display_name":"Toxicity of ricin toxin A chain in rats","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003276018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/01480545.2012.710624","mag":"2003276018","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22947129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3109/01480545.2012.710624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/01480545.2012.710624","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3109/01480545.2012.710624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17820993","display_name":"Drug and Chemical Toxicology","issn_l":"0148-0545","issn":["0148-0545","1525-6014"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug and Chemical Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073431334","display_name":"Misagh Alipour","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7899908","display_name":"NOSM University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yb43k62","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7899908"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Misagh Alipour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430","https://openalex.org/I7899908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069401437","display_name":"Kresimir Pucaj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135382","display_name":"Nucro Technics","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxrd274","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135382"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kresimir Pucaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nucro-Technics, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nucro-Technics, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082565452","display_name":"Milton G. Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milton G. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amaox, Ltd., Melbourne, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amaox, Ltd., Melbourne, Florida, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009514581","display_name":"Zacharias E. Suntres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7087-0333","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7087-0333"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zacharias E. Suntres","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009514581"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1299,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47178131,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"2","first_page":"224","last_page":"230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12477","display_name":"Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12477","display_name":"Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14072","display_name":"Immunotoxicology and immune responses","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12356","display_name":"Bioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ricin-toxin-a-chain","display_name":"ricin toxin A chain","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ricin","display_name":"ricin","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-toxins","display_name":"plant toxins","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotoxins","display_name":"immunotoxins","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation","display_name":"inflammation","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-peroxidation","display_name":"lipid peroxidation","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutathione","display_name":"glutathione","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myeloperoxidase","display_name":"myeloperoxidase","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organ-toxicity","display_name":"organ toxicity","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-injury","display_name":"liver injury","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-injury","display_name":"lung injury","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kidney-injury","display_name":"kidney injury","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-injury","display_name":"cardiac injury","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/necrosis","display_name":"necrosis","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ricinus-communis","display_name":"Ricinus communis","score":0.7760000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408668","display_name":"Ricin","level":3,"score":0.9038723707199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115085202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425665","display_name":"Immunotoxin","level":4,"score":0.7785787582397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.6810482740402222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.6773453950881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777367657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184651","display_name":"Toxin","level":2,"score":0.6135653853416443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.5541898608207703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.532772421836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4880191385746002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.47452512383461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780829032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898539","display_name":"Lipid peroxidation","level":3,"score":0.46418896317481995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538909803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116907","display_name":"Glutathione","level":3,"score":0.4428388476371765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3204253911972046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.30192598700523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.27096810936927795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109316439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246181","display_name":"Cytotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.2555153965950012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.23969766497612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.19845861196517944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1889325976371765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005978","descriptor_name":"Glutathione","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007249","descriptor_name":"Inflammation","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007249","descriptor_name":"Inflammation","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012276","descriptor_name":"Ricin","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012276","descriptor_name":"Ricin","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015227","descriptor_name":"Lipid Peroxidation","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017207","descriptor_name":"Rats, Sprague-Dawley","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018384","descriptor_name":"Oxidative Stress","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061605","descriptor_name":"Administration, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3109/01480545.2012.710624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/01480545.2012.710624","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3109/01480545.2012.710624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17820993","display_name":"Drug and Chemical Toxicology","issn_l":"0148-0545","issn":["0148-0545","1525-6014"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug and Chemical Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22947129","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22947129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug and chemical toxicology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W141930657","https://openalex.org/W1483668606","https://openalex.org/W1519382923","https://openalex.org/W1528681389","https://openalex.org/W1561859833","https://openalex.org/W1602309447","https://openalex.org/W1637091507","https://openalex.org/W1725300350","https://openalex.org/W1760487149","https://openalex.org/W1966009267","https://openalex.org/W1966540103","https://openalex.org/W1972880155","https://openalex.org/W1977667843","https://openalex.org/W1983356705","https://openalex.org/W1985695566","https://openalex.org/W2004738840","https://openalex.org/W2010913231","https://openalex.org/W2013351499","https://openalex.org/W2017199460","https://openalex.org/W2031994009","https://openalex.org/W2042038154","https://openalex.org/W2045794785","https://openalex.org/W2051337736","https://openalex.org/W2051511242","https://openalex.org/W2052562838","https://openalex.org/W2057006842","https://openalex.org/W2057162169","https://openalex.org/W2059149560","https://openalex.org/W2066801721","https://openalex.org/W2073103775","https://openalex.org/W2083967691","https://openalex.org/W2089016498","https://openalex.org/W2095477785","https://openalex.org/W2114629239","https://openalex.org/W2115714324","https://openalex.org/W2121470784","https://openalex.org/W2128022125","https://openalex.org/W2130837075","https://openalex.org/W2130878099","https://openalex.org/W2135675369","https://openalex.org/W2143486454","https://openalex.org/W2183440999","https://openalex.org/W2416981383","https://openalex.org/W2418175230","https://openalex.org/W2435382587","https://openalex.org/W2473627871","https://openalex.org/W4239297083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980309698","https://openalex.org/W1519382923","https://openalex.org/W1985695566","https://openalex.org/W2952236309","https://openalex.org/W7098537984","https://openalex.org/W2189276646","https://openalex.org/W4230309573","https://openalex.org/W2156017041","https://openalex.org/W2519505900","https://openalex.org/W2021288306"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ricin":[0],"toxin":[1],"A":[2],"chain":[3],"(RTA)":[4],"is":[5,60],"the":[6,10,16,25,42,72,76,86,98],"cytotoxic":[7],"component":[8],"of":[9,15,27,44,57,75,88,141,189],"dimeric":[11],"protein,":[12],"ricin,":[13],"one":[14],"most":[17],"potent":[18],"and":[19,46,65,67,94,110,124,133,160,164,173,180,200],"deadly":[20],"plant":[21],"toxins":[22],"extracted":[23],"from":[24],"seeds":[26],"Ricinus":[28],"communis.":[29],"RTA":[30,58,73,92,112,190],"has":[31,68],"been":[32,69],"investigated":[33],"as":[34,47],"a":[35,48,139],"potential":[36],"candidate":[37],"for":[38,50],"cancer":[39],"chemotherapy,":[40],"in":[41,53,106,146,152,158,166,170,175,178,192],"form":[43],"immunotoxins,":[45],"method":[49],"depleting":[51],"macrophages":[52],"vivo.":[54],"The":[55,78],"toxicity":[56,87],"immunotoxins":[59],"mostly":[61],"characterized":[62],"by":[63],"inflammation":[64,199],"necrosis":[66],"attributed":[70],"to":[71,84,95,121],"moiety":[74],"conjugate.":[77],"present":[79],"study":[80],"was":[81,119],"carried":[82],"out":[83],"investigate":[85],"intravenously":[89],"(i.v.)":[90],"administered":[91,120],"alone":[93],"assess":[96],"whether":[97],"observed":[99],"tissue":[100],"injuries":[101,194],"are":[102],"associated":[103,197],"with":[104,198],"increases":[105,148,157,165],"oxidative":[107],"stress":[108],"(OS)":[109],"inflammation.":[111],"(10":[113],"or":[114,126],"90":[115,142],"\u00b5g/kg":[116,143],"body":[117],"weight)":[118],"animals":[122],"i.v.,":[123],"5":[125],"24":[127],"hours":[128],"later,":[129],"liver,":[130],"lungs,":[131],"kidneys,":[132],"hearts":[134],"were":[135,196],"examined.":[136],"RTA,":[137],"at":[138],"dose":[140],"(i.v.),":[144],"resulted":[145,191],"significant":[147],"(P":[149],"<":[150],"0.05)":[151],"an":[153],"inflammatory":[154],"response":[155,168],"(i.e.,":[156],"hepatic":[159,179],"lung":[161,181],"myeloperoxidase":[162],"activity)":[163],"oxidant":[167],"(increases":[169],"lipid":[171],"peroxidation":[172],"decreases":[174],"glutathione":[176],"levels":[177],"homogenates).":[182],"These":[183],"data":[184],"suggest":[185],"that":[186,195],"i.v.":[187],"administration":[188],"organ":[193],"OS.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}