{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003267282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1956.tb01074.x","title":"Reducing Leniency in Merit Ratings","display_name":"Reducing Leniency in Merit Ratings","publication_year":1956,"publication_date":"1956-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003267282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1956.tb01074.x","mag":"2003267282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1956.tb01074.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1956.tb01074.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1956.tb01074.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84664706","display_name":"Personnel Psychology","issn_l":"0031-5826","issn":["0031-5826","1744-6570"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Personnel Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078066738","display_name":"Bernard M. Bass","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"BERNARD M. BASS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Louisiana State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louisiana State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078066738"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60122699,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"359","last_page":"369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.18690000474452972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.18690000474452972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11496","display_name":"Credit Risk and Financial Regulations","score":0.1768999993801117,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11040","display_name":"Personality Traits and Psychology","score":0.04690000042319298,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leniency","display_name":"leniency","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merit-rating","display_name":"merit rating","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-evaluation-human-resources","display_name":"performance evaluation (human resources)","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rating-bias","display_name":"rating bias","score":0.4480000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5395821928977966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205208723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372765","display_name":"Credit rating","level":2,"score":0.4916415810585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.4702870845794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777182073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1224135","display_name":"Bass (fish)","level":2,"score":0.41388681530952454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.39579036831855774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.3443060517311096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2828501760959625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.27300184965133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.24400749802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.19497808814048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11844661831855774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1956.tb01074.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1956.tb01074.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1956.tb01074.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84664706","display_name":"Personnel Psychology","issn_l":"0031-5826","issn":["0031-5826","1744-6570"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Personnel Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560729591","https://openalex.org/W1980131831","https://openalex.org/W2021241794","https://openalex.org/W2032417086","https://openalex.org/W2083185402","https://openalex.org/W2165498218","https://openalex.org/W4234296393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075154881","https://openalex.org/W2052535815","https://openalex.org/W6995481901","https://openalex.org/W2058283030","https://openalex.org/W2909164264","https://openalex.org/W2923850894","https://openalex.org/W2012391938","https://openalex.org/W2124377021","https://openalex.org/W2040866344","https://openalex.org/W2071879209"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}