{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003238863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.11478","title":"Risk criteria, protection layers, and conditional modifiers","display_name":"Risk criteria, protection layers, and conditional modifiers","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003238863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.11478","mag":"2003238863"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/prs.11478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.11478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.11478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139295051","display_name":"Process Safety Progress","issn_l":"1066-8527","issn":["1066-8527","1547-5913"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Process Safety Progress","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027200005","display_name":"Angela E. Summers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9787-4086","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9787-4086"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Angela E. Summers","raw_affiliation_strings":["SIS-TECH Solutions, LP, Houston, TX 77034"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SIS-TECH Solutions, LP, Houston, TX 77034","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083464910","display_name":"William H. Hearn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William H. Hearn","raw_affiliation_strings":["SIS-TECH Solutions, LP, Houston, TX 77034"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SIS-TECH Solutions, LP, Houston, TX 77034","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027200005"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3570},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4611,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83814818,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"2","first_page":"139","last_page":"144"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13840","display_name":"Chemical Safety and Risk Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1504","display_name":"Chemical Health and Safety"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14091","display_name":"Industrial and Mining Safety","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-criteria","display_name":"risk criteria","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protective-layer","display_name":"protective layer","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enabling-factors","display_name":"enabling factors","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer-of-protection-analysis","display_name":"Layer of Protection Analysis","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-tolerance","display_name":"risk tolerance","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loss-of-containment","display_name":"loss of containment","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazardous-substance-releases","display_name":"hazardous substance releases","score":0.6039999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22507642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069369","display_name":"Hazardous waste","level":2,"score":0.7861912846565247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.6766958236694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.6426935195922852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.6333526372909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49261128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455","display_name":"Hazard","level":2,"score":0.6101420521736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206355099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3614972","display_name":"Hazard analysis","level":2,"score":0.5393481254577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.5248061418533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4987814426422119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80038721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4380673","display_name":"Process safety","level":3,"score":0.4981660842895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4448367953300476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27686524391174316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.24577859044075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.18574154376983643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.16002076864242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11665642261505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.10372483730316162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.09218394756317139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/prs.11478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.11478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.11478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139295051","display_name":"Process Safety Progress","issn_l":"1066-8527","issn":["1066-8527","1547-5913"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Process Safety Progress","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977303000","https://openalex.org/W2007674390","https://openalex.org/W2048344688","https://openalex.org/W2085586957","https://openalex.org/W2941304903","https://openalex.org/W4206169141","https://openalex.org/W4229576677","https://openalex.org/W4236235032","https://openalex.org/W4255726956","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2567819326","https://openalex.org/W3022086168","https://openalex.org/W2105184843","https://openalex.org/W1994021530","https://openalex.org/W2192511315","https://openalex.org/W2153375905","https://openalex.org/W1978944699","https://openalex.org/W2029376548","https://openalex.org/W2176631901","https://openalex.org/W4230863042"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Risk":[1,50,162,170,195,214,222],"analysis":[2,32,133,231,251,263,274],"assesses":[3],"the":[4,13,31,37,43,47,58,61,68,72,77,97,100,105,108,118,132,136,143,199,202,226,230,261,273,280],"likelihood":[5,59,98,137],"and":[6,104,126,183,225,265,276,287],"consequence":[7],"of":[8,12,57,76,82,85,96,185,190,260,282,294],"events.":[9],"The":[10,26],"acceptability":[11],"identified":[14],"risk":[15,24,150,204,250,267,277],"is":[16,66,134,140,232],"determined":[17],"by":[18,46,142],"comparing":[19],"it":[20,270],"to":[21,42,121,249,253],"a":[22,55,246,255,258],"specified":[23],"tolerance.":[25],"criteria":[27,205,278],"applied":[28],"depend":[29],"on":[30],"boundary,":[33],"which":[34],"may":[35],"be":[36],"hazardous":[38,48,62,86,119,144],"event":[39,63,102,120],"or":[40,88],"extend":[41],"harm":[44,139],"posed":[45],"event.":[49,145],"analyses":[51,93,151],"generally":[52],"begin":[53],"with":[54,245],"determination":[56],"that":[60,99,107,138],"occurs.":[64],"This":[65],"where":[67],"process":[69,78],"deviation":[70],"exceeds":[71],"safe":[73],"operating":[74],"limit":[75],"resulting":[79],"in":[80,154,208,229,236],"loss":[81],"containment,":[83],"release":[84],"materials,":[87],"other":[89],"undesirable":[90],"consequence.":[91],"These":[92],"require":[94],"estimation":[95],"initiating":[101],"occurs":[103],"probability":[106],"proactive":[109],"protection":[110,124,283],"layers":[111,125],"do":[112],"not":[113,233],"operate":[114],"as":[115,206],"required,":[116],"allowing":[117],"occur.":[122],"Reactive":[123],"conditional":[127,288],"modifiers":[128],"are":[129,152],"considered":[130,228],"when":[131],"evaluating":[135],"caused":[141],"Various":[146],"methods":[147],"for":[148,166,178,210,218,257],"performing":[149],"discussed":[153],"several":[155],"CCPS":[156],"publications":[157],"including":[158],"Chemical":[159,167,295],"Process":[160,168,194,297],"Quantitative":[161,169,212,220],"Analysis":[163,187],"[CCPS/AIChE,":[164,176,188,216],"Guidelines":[165,177,209,217],"Analysis,":[171],"2000],":[172],"Hazard":[173,179],"Evaluation":[174,180],"Procedures":[175],"Procedures,":[181],"2008],":[182],"Layers":[184],"Protection":[186,191],"Layer":[189],"Analysis:":[192],"Simplified":[193],"Assessment,":[196],"2001].":[197],"However,":[198],"link":[200],"between":[201],"selected":[203],"described":[207,235],"Developing":[211,219],"Safety":[213,221],"Criteria":[215],"Criteria,":[223],"2009]":[224],"factors":[227],"clearly":[234],"these":[237],"texts.":[238],"Recognizing":[239],"this":[240,242],"opportunity,":[241],"article":[243],"begins":[244],"brief":[247],"introduction":[248],"concepts":[252],"provide":[254],"foundation":[256],"discussion":[259],"typical":[262],"boundaries":[264],"associated":[266],"criteria.":[268],"Then,":[269],"discusses":[271],"how":[272],"boundary":[275],"affect":[279],"consideration":[281],"layers,":[284],"enabling":[285],"conditions,":[286],"modifiers.":[289],"\u00a9":[290],"2011":[291,300],"American":[292],"Institute":[293],"Engineers":[296],"Saf":[298],"Prog,":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
