{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003230366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(78)90179-2","title":"Atomic K-shell ionization induced by 20\u201350 MeV protons","display_name":"Atomic K-shell ionization induced by 20\u201350 MeV protons","publication_year":1978,"publication_date":"1978-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003230366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(78)90179-2","mag":"2003230366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0375-9601(78)90179-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(78)90179-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(78)90179-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104875562","display_name":"Physics Letters A","issn_l":"0375-9601","issn":["0375-9601","1873-2429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics Letters A","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107839054","display_name":"W. D. Ramsay","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W.D. Ramsay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyclotron Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyclotron Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086771853","display_name":"Muthana Al\u2010Ghazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5606-3209","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5606-3209"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.S.A.L. Al-Ghazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyclotron Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyclotron Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061043944","display_name":"J. H. L. Birchall","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Birchall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyclotron Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyclotron Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113545727","display_name":"J.S.C. McKee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.S.C. McKee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyclotron Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyclotron Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"],"apc_list":{"value":2150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.087,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90549122,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"4","first_page":"258","last_page":"260"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11733","display_name":"X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis","score":0.9282000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11733","display_name":"X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis","score":0.9282000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10523","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics","score":0.046799998730421066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12166","display_name":"Ion-surface interactions and analysis","score":0.01810000091791153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-shell-ionization","display_name":"K-shell ionization","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionization-cross-sections","display_name":"ionization cross sections","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold","display_name":"gold","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/europium","display_name":"europium","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silver","display_name":"silver","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rubidium","display_name":"rubidium","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper","display_name":"copper","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-targets","display_name":"atomic targets","score":0.43700000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8761096596717834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.7080578207969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198291218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190382","display_name":"Ionization","level":3,"score":0.7041642665863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502696234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1396","display_name":"Europium","level":3,"score":0.6430999040603638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544778455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753","display_name":"Copper","level":2,"score":0.507918655872345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.45305198431015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781052500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2230313","display_name":"Shell (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4428962767124176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.4242629110813141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.056841880083084106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0375-9601(78)90179-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(78)90179-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(78)90179-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104875562","display_name":"Physics Letters A","issn_l":"0375-9601","issn":["0375-9601","1873-2429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics Letters A","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982600338","https://openalex.org/W1983892970","https://openalex.org/W1984643199","https://openalex.org/W1988701005","https://openalex.org/W1994266718","https://openalex.org/W1996470797","https://openalex.org/W2013111132","https://openalex.org/W2031453738","https://openalex.org/W2049823043","https://openalex.org/W2061517793","https://openalex.org/W3176625220"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988614988","https://openalex.org/W2026710083","https://openalex.org/W1964382045","https://openalex.org/W2063539867","https://openalex.org/W1989106576","https://openalex.org/W2090630360","https://openalex.org/W3014144813","https://openalex.org/W2625262921","https://openalex.org/W7048308782","https://openalex.org/W2079835032"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}