{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003228064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-9078-0","title":"An Empirical Note on Economic Freedom and Income Inequality","display_name":"An Empirical Note on Economic Freedom and Income Inequality","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003228064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-9078-0","mag":"2003228064"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11127-006-9078-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-9078-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-9078-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7424199","display_name":"Public Choice","issn_l":"0048-5829","issn":["0048-5829","1573-7101","1941-9716"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Choice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022308864","display_name":"John R. Carter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107139065","display_name":"College of the Holy Cross","ror":"https://ror.org/05dwp6855","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107139065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John R. Carter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA, 01610, USA","Coll of the Holy Cross"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA, 01610, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107139065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coll of the Holy Cross","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107139065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022308864"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107139065"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.1261,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":154,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96585067,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"130","issue":"1-2","first_page":"163","last_page":"177"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.021700000390410423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13867","display_name":"Economic Growth and Development","score":0.007199999876320362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-freedom","display_name":"economic freedom","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-inequality","display_name":"income inequality","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gini-coefficient","display_name":"Gini coefficient","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-freedom-of-the-world-index","display_name":"Economic Freedom of the World index","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-research","display_name":"cross-country analysis","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fraser-institute","display_name":"Fraser Institute","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/per-capita-income","display_name":"per capita income","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-structure","display_name":"political structure","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-composition","display_name":"industrial composition","score":0.6589999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776122629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322996","display_name":"Economic freedom","level":2,"score":0.7509970664978027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513380476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Economic inequality","level":3,"score":0.6769108772277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.6518316268920898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.638864278793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178283979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274490","display_name":"Public finance","level":2,"score":0.5905866622924805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779206190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162455","display_name":"Gini coefficient","level":4,"score":0.5838900804519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160443848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45918","display_name":"Per capita income","level":2,"score":0.5437953472137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188924319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931610","display_name":"Index of Economic Freedom","level":3,"score":0.4966934323310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132000672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6158427","display_name":"Income inequality metrics","level":4,"score":0.47716182470321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831058","display_name":"Political freedom","level":4,"score":0.4696062505245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4513120949268341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127598652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635","display_name":"Per capita","level":3,"score":0.4422951340675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.4316480755805969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153240184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3243772","display_name":"Control variable","level":2,"score":0.43022099137306213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.41938135027885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.34630119800567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.17682519555091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.16801396012306213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1650504171848297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16325998306274414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15434634685516357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.1521051526069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.07876628637313843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0586567223072052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11127-006-9078-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-9078-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-9078-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7424199","display_name":"Public Choice","issn_l":"0048-5829","issn":["0048-5829","1573-7101","1941-9716"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Choice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:kap:pubcho:v:130:y:2007:i:1:p:163-177","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1007/s11127-006-9078-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5676000118255615}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.7200000286102295}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27905662","https://openalex.org/W566586761","https://openalex.org/W1478494204","https://openalex.org/W1518771973","https://openalex.org/W1524961168","https://openalex.org/W1546363427","https://openalex.org/W1596790722","https://openalex.org/W1605479968","https://openalex.org/W1715038780","https://openalex.org/W1984524168","https://openalex.org/W1995620369","https://openalex.org/W2025989004","https://openalex.org/W2047835835","https://openalex.org/W2073148912","https://openalex.org/W2080171922","https://openalex.org/W2106759695","https://openalex.org/W2108143836","https://openalex.org/W2120089261","https://openalex.org/W2128131424","https://openalex.org/W2129788101","https://openalex.org/W2169223645","https://openalex.org/W2286627563","https://openalex.org/W2505080006","https://openalex.org/W2601695210","https://openalex.org/W2803660228","https://openalex.org/W2903401361","https://openalex.org/W3121618003","https://openalex.org/W3122237475","https://openalex.org/W3123071216","https://openalex.org/W4239647815","https://openalex.org/W6621634088","https://openalex.org/W6637534095"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772858761","https://openalex.org/W7216701987","https://openalex.org/W7167713338","https://openalex.org/W3015258310","https://openalex.org/W2120349726","https://openalex.org/W4391359889","https://openalex.org/W2172756335","https://openalex.org/W4376647310","https://openalex.org/W4361004309","https://openalex.org/W1823827818"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-18T09:31:52.927876","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
