{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003201962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7688142","title":"Ribozymes: A Distinct Class of Metalloenzymes","display_name":"Ribozymes: A Distinct Class of Metalloenzymes","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003201962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7688142","mag":"2003201962","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7688142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.7688142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7688142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7688142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007909912","display_name":"Anna Marie Pyle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9045-8872","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9045-8872"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anna Marie Pyle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007909912"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5808,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":436,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95557418,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"261","issue":"5122","first_page":"709","last_page":"714"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12191","display_name":"Chemical Reaction Mechanisms","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ribozymes","display_name":"ribozymes","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metalloenzymes","display_name":"metalloenzymes","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-ions","display_name":"metal ions","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rna-catalysis","display_name":"RNA catalysis","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-vitro-selection","display_name":"in vitro selection","score":0.8920000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76346623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205858","display_name":"Ribozyme","level":4,"score":0.9832550287246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1342335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6545871","display_name":"Ligase ribozyme","level":5,"score":0.8958488702774048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5779355764389038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.5497298240661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21951064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899212","display_name":"Combinatorial chemistry","level":1,"score":0.5315485000610352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776910235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18574","display_name":"Reactivity (psychology)","level":3,"score":0.47829610109329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67705224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053","display_name":"RNA","level":3,"score":0.45964810252189636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3629930317401886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3278055191040039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.28380659222602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.18579667806625366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002384","descriptor_name":"Catalysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002413","descriptor_name":"Cations, Divalent","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002413","descriptor_name":"Cations, Divalent","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008670","descriptor_name":"Metals","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008670","descriptor_name":"Metals","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009690","descriptor_name":"Nucleic Acid Conformation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010084","descriptor_name":"Oxidation-Reduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010758","descriptor_name":"Phosphorus","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012313","descriptor_name":"RNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012326","descriptor_name":"RNA Splicing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016337","descriptor_name":"RNA, Catalytic","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016337","descriptor_name":"RNA, Catalytic","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.7688142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7688142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7688142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7688142","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7688142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Comment"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518817","https://openalex.org/W139107379","https://openalex.org/W158085438","https://openalex.org/W1498581603","https://openalex.org/W1507183561","https://openalex.org/W1544738285","https://openalex.org/W1554186332","https://openalex.org/W1571751680","https://openalex.org/W1571856798","https://openalex.org/W1573686430","https://openalex.org/W1584476217","https://openalex.org/W1588543465","https://openalex.org/W1862261356","https://openalex.org/W1931304055","https://openalex.org/W1931683448","https://openalex.org/W1964504545","https://openalex.org/W1965174422","https://openalex.org/W1967666871","https://openalex.org/W1968177409","https://openalex.org/W1968282235","https://openalex.org/W1968455698","https://openalex.org/W1972374184","https://openalex.org/W1972928631","https://openalex.org/W1975613162","https://openalex.org/W1975744482","https://openalex.org/W1977335029","https://openalex.org/W1983724195","https://openalex.org/W1984116290","https://openalex.org/W1986090502","https://openalex.org/W1986489741","https://openalex.org/W1988633599","https://openalex.org/W1989338918","https://openalex.org/W1989794771","https://openalex.org/W1990747892","https://openalex.org/W1999599455","https://openalex.org/W2002653581","https://openalex.org/W2005064067","https://openalex.org/W2006628267","https://openalex.org/W2009396937","https://openalex.org/W2013132769","https://openalex.org/W2014508207","https://openalex.org/W2017176215","https://openalex.org/W2018127394","https://openalex.org/W2021333801","https://openalex.org/W2022418687","https://openalex.org/W2022449135","https://openalex.org/W2024957115","https://openalex.org/W2025511708","https://openalex.org/W2025685324","https://openalex.org/W2026287351","https://openalex.org/W2027638512","https://openalex.org/W2030135048","https://openalex.org/W2031829988","https://openalex.org/W2034489475","https://openalex.org/W2034789630","https://openalex.org/W2035783320","https://openalex.org/W2038978947","https://openalex.org/W2040816914","https://openalex.org/W2041421251","https://openalex.org/W2044494337","https://openalex.org/W2047255099","https://openalex.org/W2052918841","https://openalex.org/W2054265685","https://openalex.org/W2056239183","https://openalex.org/W2056975726","https://openalex.org/W2060510537","https://openalex.org/W2061420032","https://openalex.org/W2066341819","https://openalex.org/W2067863352","https://openalex.org/W2068797168","https://openalex.org/W2071032973","https://openalex.org/W2073263035","https://openalex.org/W2078224461","https://openalex.org/W2079101029","https://openalex.org/W2081019360","https://openalex.org/W2082391675","https://openalex.org/W2083787054","https://openalex.org/W2087959853","https://openalex.org/W2088764843","https://openalex.org/W2104425846","https://openalex.org/W2113368761","https://openalex.org/W2128606349","https://openalex.org/W2134816300","https://openalex.org/W2146372535","https://openalex.org/W2154989771","https://openalex.org/W2159554322"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967335410","https://openalex.org/W2039255128","https://openalex.org/W2395440725","https://openalex.org/W4317933505","https://openalex.org/W2074240228","https://openalex.org/W2091261612","https://openalex.org/W41184598","https://openalex.org/W2046606379","https://openalex.org/W2344370399","https://openalex.org/W2979891327"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ribozymes":[0],"are":[1,14,23,32],"an":[2,10],"important":[3],"new":[4],"class":[5],"of":[6,17,38,50,69,76,81,96,103],"metalloenzymes":[7],"that":[8],"have":[9,65],"unlikely":[11],"feature:":[12],"they":[13],"made":[15],"entirely":[16],"ribonucleic":[18],"acid":[19],"(RNA).":[20],"Metal":[21],"ions":[22,71],"essential":[24],"for":[25,35,100],"efficient":[26],"chemical":[27],"catalysis":[28],"by":[29],"ribozymes":[30,42],"and":[31,55,85,91],"often":[33],"required":[34],"the":[36,67,73,94,101],"stabilization":[37],"ribozyme":[39,89],"structure.":[40],"Most":[41],"catalyze":[43],"reactions":[44],"at":[45,60],"phosphorus":[46],"centers":[47],"through":[48],"one":[49],"two":[51,77],"major":[52],"mechanistic":[53],"pathways,":[54],"reaction":[56],"has":[57,87,92],"been":[58],"observed":[59],"carbon":[61],"centers.":[62],"Creative":[63],"experiments":[64],"revealed":[66],"position":[68],"metal":[70,83],"in":[72,97],"active":[74],"site":[75],"ribozymes.":[78,105],"The":[79],"exploitation":[80],"variable":[82],"geometry":[84],"reactivity":[86],"expanded":[88],"chemistry":[90],"facilitated":[93],"application":[95],"vitro":[98],"selection":[99],"creation":[102],"novel":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}