{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003107943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97eo00022","title":"Geomagnetic storm forecasts and the power industry","display_name":"Geomagnetic storm forecasts and the power industry","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003107943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97eo00022","mag":"2003107943"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1029/97eo00022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97eo00022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97eo00022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168828829","display_name":"Eos","issn_l":"0096-3941","issn":["0096-3941","2324-9250"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-100"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035141489","display_name":"John G. Kappenman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John G. Kappenman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Minnesota Power, 30 W. Superior St., Duluth, MN 55802"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Minnesota Power, 30 W. Superior St., Duluth, MN 55802","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109172220","display_name":"Lawrence J. Zanetti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence J. Zanetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723-6099"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723-6099","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009953109","display_name":"William A. Radasky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1893-6208","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1893-6208"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William A. Radasky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Metatech, 385 S. Fairview Ave., Suite E, Goleta, CA 93117"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metatech, 385 S. Fairview Ave., Suite E, Goleta, CA 93117","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9557,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85781725,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"78","issue":"4","first_page":"37","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":0.008200000040233135,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11786","display_name":"Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomagnetic-storms","display_name":"geomagnetic storms","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomagnetic-storm-prediction","display_name":"geomagnetic storm prediction","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomagnetically-induced-currents","display_name":"geomagnetically induced currents","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-system-vulnerability","display_name":"power grid vulnerability","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-weather","display_name":"space weather","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-activity","display_name":"solar activity","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-networks","display_name":"transmission networks","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomagnetic-disturbances","display_name":"geomagnetic disturbances","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-sector","display_name":"electric utilities","score":0.4659999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7328023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1280612","display_name":"Geomagnetically induced current","level":5,"score":0.8641959428787231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199635899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6500960","display_name":"Earth's magnetic field","level":3,"score":0.785602867603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170641098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130011","display_name":"Geomagnetic storm","level":4,"score":0.7794948220252991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151325931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584093","display_name":"Space weather","level":2,"score":0.6016042828559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4993741512298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105306849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81054","display_name":"Storm","level":2,"score":0.4746687412261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.42382198572158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92018576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3242194","display_name":"Power transmission","level":3,"score":0.4160485565662384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.3827725648880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3502746522426605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.34457525610923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.32088738679885864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.25011634826660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1596619188785553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.15146005153656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1029/97eo00022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97eo00022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97eo00022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168828829","display_name":"Eos","issn_l":"0096-3941","issn":["0096-3941","2324-9250"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-100"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8970999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013913164","https://openalex.org/W2049203243"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059626240","https://openalex.org/W176311859","https://openalex.org/W2807929867","https://openalex.org/W3171305613","https://openalex.org/W2333222281","https://openalex.org/W2122507043","https://openalex.org/W4200283132","https://openalex.org/W2808920996","https://openalex.org/W2478310542","https://openalex.org/W2377712038"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,85],"a":[2,81],"well\u2010recognized":[3],"link":[4],"between":[5],"solar":[6,40],"activity,":[7],"geomagnetic":[8],"disturbances,":[9],"and":[10,21,49,74,99],"disruptions":[11],"to":[12,32,57,67],"man\u2010made":[13],"systems":[14,28,55],"such":[15],"as":[16,53],"power":[17,71],"grids,":[18],"satellites,":[19],"communications,":[20],"defense":[22],"systems.":[23],"As":[24],"technology":[25],"evolves,":[26],"these":[27,45,54],"become":[29],"more":[30],"susceptible":[31],"magnetic":[33,113],"disturbances":[34,60],"than":[35],"their":[36],"counterparts":[37],"of":[38,87,93],"previous":[39],"cycles.":[41],"Analysis":[42],"suggests":[43],"that":[44],"vulnerabilities":[46],"will":[47],"continue":[48,56],"perhaps":[50],"even":[51],"increase":[52],"evolve.":[58],"Geomagnetic":[59],"can":[61],"cause":[62],"geomagnetically":[63],"induced":[64],"currents":[65],"(GIC)":[66],"flow":[68],"through":[69],"the":[70,76,91,94],"system,":[72],"entering":[73],"exiting":[75],"many":[77],"grounding":[78],"points":[79],"on":[80],"transmission":[82],"network.":[83],"This":[84],"generally":[86],"most":[88],"concern":[89],"at":[90],"latitudes":[92],"northern":[95],"United":[96],"States,":[97],"Canada,":[98],"Scandinavia,":[100],"for":[101],"example,":[102],"but":[103],"regions":[104],"much":[105],"farther":[106],"south":[107],"are":[108],"also":[109],"affected":[110],"during":[111],"intense":[112],"storms.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}