{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003102519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/array.2010.5613294","title":"Electronically reconfigurable aperture (ERA): A new approach for beam-steering technology","display_name":"Electronically reconfigurable aperture (ERA): A new approach for beam-steering technology","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003102519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/array.2010.5613294","mag":"2003102519"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/array.2010.5613294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/array.2010.5613294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/array.2010.5613294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363606135","display_name":"IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology (PAST)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019634499","display_name":"Vladimir A. Manasson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6234-8086","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6234-8086"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198049902","display_name":"Sierra Nevada Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00yt6w794","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir A Manasson","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024191665","display_name":"Lev S. Sadovnik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198049902","display_name":"Sierra Nevada Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00yt6w794","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lev Sadovnik","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001582593","display_name":"Vladimir I. Litvinov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1094-7295","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1094-7295"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198049902","display_name":"Sierra Nevada Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00yt6w794","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Litvinov","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056772275","display_name":"Robert M. Mino","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198049902","display_name":"Sierra Nevada Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00yt6w794","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Mino","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019847315","display_name":"Irina Gordion","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198049902","display_name":"Sierra Nevada Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00yt6w794","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irina Gordion","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032750547","display_name":"Aramais A. Avakian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198049902","display_name":"Sierra Nevada Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00yt6w794","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aramais Avakian","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046969006","display_name":"Michael Felman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198049902","display_name":"Sierra Nevada Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00yt6w794","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Felman","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dexin Jia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198049902","display_name":"Sierra Nevada Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00yt6w794","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dexin Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057089352","display_name":"Mark Aretskin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198049902","display_name":"Sierra Nevada Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00yt6w794","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Aretskin","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076374722","display_name":"Viktor Khodos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198049902","display_name":"Sierra Nevada Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00yt6w794","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viktor Khodos","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050965242","display_name":"Alexander Brailovskiy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198049902","display_name":"Sierra Nevada Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00yt6w794","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Brailovskiy","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNS ATM, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sierra Nevada Corporation, CNS/ATM, Irvine, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198049902"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09726619,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"673","last_page":"679"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.48339998722076416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.48339998722076416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.19629999995231628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.1639000028371811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-steering","display_name":"beam steering","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric-waveguides","display_name":"dielectric waveguides","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swaps","display_name":"swaps","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ka-band-antenna","display_name":"Ka-band antenna","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"beamforming","score":0.671999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.8300580978393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.8027715682983398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6297372579574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193860024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180973","display_name":"Phased-array optics","level":4,"score":0.6182599663734436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131369404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554278","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","level":5,"score":0.5694706439971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.5629985928535461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66999923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876195","display_name":"Beam waveguide antenna","level":5,"score":0.5030831694602966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.47453248500823975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187590223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527628","display_name":"Holography","level":2,"score":0.43414124846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.4196149706840515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4135550856590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4014943838119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34422123432159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29350316524505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.27559196949005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24027999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176348","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","level":3,"score":0.2651287317276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138949660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7168757","display_name":"Periscope antenna","level":4,"score":0.20285433530807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.17805930972099304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160844929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55604036","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/array.2010.5613294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/array.2010.5613294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/array.2010.5613294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363606135","display_name":"IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology (PAST)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332923","display_name":"U.S. Navy","ror":"https://ror.org/03ar0mv07"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006192698","https://openalex.org/W2032968673","https://openalex.org/W2068589931"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084468868","https://openalex.org/W2788062049","https://openalex.org/W2900623606","https://openalex.org/W2313379192","https://openalex.org/W3083063125","https://openalex.org/W2000495737","https://openalex.org/W2588930568","https://openalex.org/W4205840038","https://openalex.org/W2946695271","https://openalex.org/W2768993070"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,19],"order":[1,121],"to":[2,51,116,146],"satisfy":[3],"the":[4,78,82,120,128,134,138],"demanding":[5],"SWaP":[6],"requirements":[7],"of":[8,41,81,122,124,127,131,137,148],"modern":[9],"microwave/MMW":[10],"instruments,":[11],"designers":[12],"are":[13,97,144],"looking":[14],"for":[15],"novel":[16],"integrated":[17,67],"solutions.":[18],"particular,":[20],"phased":[21,45,149],"array":[22,46],"packaging,":[23],"especially":[24],"at":[25],"Ka":[26],"and":[27,70,100,152,155,164],"higher":[28],"frequencies,":[29],"is":[30,36,48,63,75,118],"extremely":[31],"challenging":[32],"as":[33],"half-wavelength":[34],"spacing":[35],"prohibitively":[37],"small.":[38],"The":[39,93,106],"cost":[40],"implementing":[42],"high":[43],"density":[44],"packaging":[47],"another":[49,117],"impediment":[50],"wider":[52],"use.":[53],"This":[54],"communication":[55],"presents":[56],"a":[57,90,102],"new":[58],"electronically":[59,99,139],"beam-steering":[60],"technology":[61],"that":[62],"compatible":[64],"with":[65,86],"highly":[66],"antenna":[68,94],"design":[69],"dramatically":[71],"simplifies":[72],"packaging.":[73],"It":[74],"based":[76],"on":[77,119],"coherent":[79],"scattering":[80,95],"evanescent":[83],"field":[84],"associated":[85],"waves":[87],"propagating":[88],"through":[89],"dielectric":[91],"waveguide.":[92],"elements":[96],"controlled":[98,160],"constitute":[101],"dynamically":[103],"reconfigurable":[104,140],"hologram.":[105],"switching":[107],"time":[108],"from":[109],"one":[110],"hologram":[111,129],"pattern":[112],"(one":[113],"beam":[114,166],"position)":[115],"tens":[123],"nanoseconds.":[125],"Because":[126],"nature":[130],"this":[132],"approach,":[133],"beam-forming":[135,154],"capabilities":[136],"aperture":[141],"(ERA)":[142],"approach":[143],"comparable":[145],"those":[147],"arrays:":[150],"1D":[151],"2D":[153],"beam-steering,":[156],"multiple":[157],"simultaneous":[158],"individually":[159],"beams,":[161],"steerable":[162],"nulls":[163],"variable":[165],"width(s).":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}