{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2002992704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068814550435","title":"Which members? Using cross-national surveys to study party membership","display_name":"Which members? Using cross-national surveys to study party membership","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2002992704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068814550435","mag":"2002992704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1354068814550435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068814550435","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068814550435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6959732","display_name":"Party Politics","issn_l":"1354-0688","issn":["1354-0688","1460-3683"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Party Politics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091122619","display_name":"Aldo Fernando Ponce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5049-3075","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5049-3075"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31721044","display_name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Docencia Econ\u00f3micas","ror":"https://ror.org/014zxe029","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31721044"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aldo F Ponce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Docencia Econ\u00f3micas (CIDE), Mexico, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Docencia Econ\u00f3micas (CIDE), Mexico, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31721044"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050085576","display_name":"Susan E. Scarrow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1261-730X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1261-730X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan E Scarrow","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091122619"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31721044"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3438,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94560988,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"6","first_page":"679","last_page":"690"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13291","display_name":"Political Theory and Democracy","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13721","display_name":"Political Science Research and Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-party-membership","display_name":"party membership","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membership-decline","display_name":"membership decline","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/party-mobilization","display_name":"party mobilization","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-action","display_name":"political action","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survey-question-wording","display_name":"survey question wording","score":0.5659999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781188222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929651","display_name":"Grassroots","level":3,"score":0.7805078029632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.6401779651641846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5288059711456299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.4783032536506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.36935174465179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.24812740087509155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.21152418851852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2022126317024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14608019590377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1354068814550435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068814550435","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068814550435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6959732","display_name":"Party Politics","issn_l":"1354-0688","issn":["1354-0688","1460-3683"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Party Politics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47620001435279846,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18203477","https://openalex.org/W608631011","https://openalex.org/W649722088","https://openalex.org/W1507598393","https://openalex.org/W1551115933","https://openalex.org/W1586230125","https://openalex.org/W1591588631","https://openalex.org/W1604434549","https://openalex.org/W1968327343","https://openalex.org/W1971085424","https://openalex.org/W1976087448","https://openalex.org/W1999826012","https://openalex.org/W2001506303","https://openalex.org/W2008331956","https://openalex.org/W2018972251","https://openalex.org/W2027530221","https://openalex.org/W2034189343","https://openalex.org/W2036999860","https://openalex.org/W2047872628","https://openalex.org/W2061980801","https://openalex.org/W2075026678","https://openalex.org/W2082432011","https://openalex.org/W2086892654","https://openalex.org/W2088202552","https://openalex.org/W2095653578","https://openalex.org/W2097594015","https://openalex.org/W2130355628","https://openalex.org/W2142635246","https://openalex.org/W2144464222","https://openalex.org/W2155507143","https://openalex.org/W2156055976","https://openalex.org/W2157333612","https://openalex.org/W2158391842","https://openalex.org/W2158618546","https://openalex.org/W2158672897","https://openalex.org/W2489205538","https://openalex.org/W2496917558","https://openalex.org/W2499793843","https://openalex.org/W2606640183","https://openalex.org/W2794408077","https://openalex.org/W2890373521","https://openalex.org/W3044349716","https://openalex.org/W4206970427","https://openalex.org/W4251676776","https://openalex.org/W4253820701","https://openalex.org/W4285583075"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556845493","https://openalex.org/W2489848032","https://openalex.org/W2478127223","https://openalex.org/W2565761133","https://openalex.org/W2108940160","https://openalex.org/W93914431","https://openalex.org/W7098766311","https://openalex.org/W2066029124","https://openalex.org/W2013191894","https://openalex.org/W18203477"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reports":[0],"of":[1,27,40,63,80,86,159],"party":[2,64,81,87,119,139],"membership":[3,65,82,120,140],"have":[4],"documented":[5],"steep":[6],"declines":[7],"in":[8,11,54,60,83,153,156],"formal":[9],"enrollment":[10],"many":[12],"countries,":[13],"but":[14],"numbers":[15],"alone":[16],"tell":[17],"us":[18],"little":[19,151],"about":[20],"the":[21,36,61,143,146,157],"systemic":[22],"causes":[23],"or":[24],"likely":[25],"implications":[26],"such":[28,92],"drops.":[29],"Existing":[30],"cross-national":[31],"surveys":[32,101],"can":[33],"help":[34],"illuminate":[35],"extent":[37],"and":[38,57,102],"consequences":[39],"these":[41,74],"changes.":[42],"Unfortunately,":[43],"they":[44],"are":[45,97],"difficult":[46],"to":[47,72,116,126,145],"use":[48],"for":[49],"this":[50,154],"purpose":[51],"because":[52],"differences":[53,59],"question":[55],"wording":[56],"institutional":[58],"meaning":[62],"produce":[66,94],"unstable":[67],"results.":[68],"This":[69],"paper":[70],"proposes":[71],"overcome":[73],"obstacles":[75],"by":[76,111],"using":[77,112],"behavioral":[78],"measures":[79,93],"survey-based":[84],"studies":[85],"membership.":[88],"We":[89,106],"demonstrate":[90],"that":[91,135],"results":[95],"which":[96],"more":[98,104],"consistent":[99],"across":[100],"therefore":[103],"meaningful.":[105],"then":[107],"illustrate":[108],"their":[109],"utility":[110],"a":[113],"behaviorally-qualified":[114],"measure":[115],"study":[117],"how":[118],"decline":[121],"has":[122],"affected":[123],"parties\u2019":[124],"ability":[125],"mobilize":[127],"grassroots":[128],"partisan":[129],"participation.":[130],"Our":[131],"analysis":[132],"also":[133],"shows":[134],"even":[136],"though":[137],"reported":[138],"declined":[141],"from":[142],"1990s":[144],"2000s,":[147],"there":[148],"was":[149],"surprisingly":[150],"change":[152],"decade":[155],"number":[158],"politically":[160],"active":[161],"partisans.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}