{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2002609164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1932-0191.1014","title":"The Effect of a Short-term PETTLEP Imagery Intervention on a Cognitive Task","display_name":"The Effect of a Short-term PETTLEP Imagery Intervention on a Cognitive Task","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2002609164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1932-0191.1014","mag":"2002609164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2202/1932-0191.1014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1932-0191.1014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1932-0191.1014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89609382","display_name":"Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity","issn_l":"1932-0191","issn":["1932-0191","2194-637X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060225073","display_name":"Caroline J. Wright","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137265193","display_name":"University of Chester","ror":"https://ror.org/01drpwb22","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137265193"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caroline J Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chester","#N#University of Chester#N#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chester","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137265193"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#University of Chester#N#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137265193"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106418789","display_name":"Dave Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137265193","display_name":"University of Chester","ror":"https://ror.org/01drpwb22","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137265193"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dave K Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chester","#N#University of Chester#N#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chester","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137265193"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#University of Chester#N#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137265193"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137265193"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2712},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8007,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89885135,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13471","display_name":"Cognitive Functions and Memory","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-imagery","display_name":"mental imagery","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imagery-intervention","display_name":"imagery intervention","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-equivalence","display_name":"functional equivalence","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-task-performance","display_name":"cognitive task performance","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-practice","display_name":"physical practice","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-psychology","display_name":"sport psychology","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-performance-routines","display_name":"pre-performance routines","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overtraining","display_name":"overtraining","score":0.8429999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.6833347082138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5373254418373108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4051589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860959","display_name":"Mental image","level":3,"score":0.5307987332344055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5232081413269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.48565995693206787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4748801589012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.46991458535194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020701032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7889","display_name":"Computer game","level":2,"score":0.44918757677078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11545786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6883841","display_name":"Mixed-design analysis of variance","level":3,"score":0.4211263060569763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.4191923439502716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.40109753608703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3585057258605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.2706518769264221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.24591314792633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2186819314956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2202/1932-0191.1014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1932-0191.1014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1932-0191.1014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89609382","display_name":"Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity","issn_l":"1932-0191","issn":["1932-0191","2194-637X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-space.mmu.ac.uk:86298","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/86298/1/JIRSPA%20paper.pdf","pdf_url":"https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/86298/1/JIRSPA%20paper.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401617","display_name":"e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","host_organization_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W187322873","https://openalex.org/W1491236480","https://openalex.org/W1702021806","https://openalex.org/W1918320041","https://openalex.org/W1931347014","https://openalex.org/W1964125855","https://openalex.org/W2001948891","https://openalex.org/W2026903828","https://openalex.org/W2046329526","https://openalex.org/W2057808550","https://openalex.org/W2142346934","https://openalex.org/W2142386351","https://openalex.org/W2146009518","https://openalex.org/W2239425197","https://openalex.org/W2329353111","https://openalex.org/W3032484590","https://openalex.org/W4238467798"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6962881070","https://openalex.org/W2146009518","https://openalex.org/W1998372289","https://openalex.org/W2412026679","https://openalex.org/W2564855047","https://openalex.org/W1595150601","https://openalex.org/W4288809381","https://openalex.org/W1494710714","https://openalex.org/W2564426691","https://openalex.org/W2603677917"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Based":[0],"on":[1,57,259,312,314,329],"neuroscience":[2],"research,":[3],"the":[4,45,100,116,135,143,174,186,195,204,227,252,299,308,321,342,361],"PETTLEP":[5,50,78,121,205,255,267,332,345],"model":[6,15],"was":[7,149,222,268],"developed":[8],"by":[9,108,185],"Holmes":[10],"and":[11,87,127,138,159,163,208,235,288],"Collins":[12],"(2001).":[13],"The":[14,102,120,145,169,232,248],"provides":[16],"imagery":[17,51,79,82,130,147,206,234,304,346],"guidelines":[18],"which":[19,188],"identify":[20],"seven":[21],"key":[22],"factors":[23],"(physical,":[24],"environment,":[25],"task,":[26],"timing,":[27],"learning,":[28],"emotion,":[29],"perspective)":[30],"that":[31,203],"should":[32,297],"be":[33,356],"included":[34],"when":[35],"developing":[36],"interventions":[37,305,333],"to":[38,54,73,161,217,245,264,306,327,334,360],"maximise":[39,298],"functional":[40,300],"equivalence.":[41],"This":[42,274],"study":[43],"explored":[44],"effect":[46,311],"of":[47,75,96,134,191,229,254,302,344],"a":[48,58,110,113,152,260,357],"short-term":[49,331],"intervention,":[52],"compared":[53],"`traditional'":[55,81,146],"imagery,":[56],"computer":[59,136],"game:":[60],"Need":[61],"for":[62,180,280,289],"Speed":[63],"Underground":[64],"2":[65],"(EA":[66],"games).":[67],"Eighty":[68],"participants":[69],"were":[70],"randomly":[71],"assigned":[72],"one":[74],"four":[76],"groups:":[77],"group,":[80,83],"physical":[84,170,209,272,352],"practice":[85,92,171,210,353],"group":[86,122,148,172,198,207,211],"control":[88,236],"group.":[89],"After":[90],"three":[91],"attempts,":[93],"pre-tests":[94],"consisted":[95,190],"five":[97,192],"attempts":[98,193],"at":[99,194,318],"game.":[101,196],"game":[103],"involved":[104],"completing":[105,142],"timed":[106],"laps":[107],"manoeuvring":[109],"vehicle":[111],"around":[112],"track":[114],"using":[115],"computer's":[117],"arrow":[118],"keys.":[119],"completed":[123],"individualised":[124,156],"response":[125],"training,":[126],"then":[128],"performed":[129,173],"sitting":[131],"in":[132,151,226,241,256,291,320,338,348],"front":[133],"screen":[137],"repeatedly":[139],"imaging":[140],"themselves":[141],"task.":[144,176,262],"sat":[150],"separate":[153],"room,":[154],"given":[155],"stimulus":[157],"training":[158],"instructed":[160],"relax":[162],"close":[164],"their":[165,230,303],"eyes":[166],"during":[167],"imagery.":[168],"actual":[175],"Each":[177],"intervention":[178],"lasted":[179],"forty-five":[181],"minutes,":[182],"immediately":[183],"followed":[184],"post-test,":[187],"again":[189],"A":[197],"x":[199],"test":[200],"ANOVA":[201],"showed":[202,238],"both":[212],"improved":[213],"significantly":[214],"from":[215,243,283,286],"pre-test":[216,244],"post-test":[218,246],"(p<0.05).":[219],"However,":[220],"there":[221],"no":[223,239],"significant":[224],"difference":[225],"magnitude":[228],"improvements.":[231],"traditional":[233],"groups":[237],"increase":[240],"performance":[242,258,313],"(p>0.05).":[247],"results":[249],"strongly":[250],"support":[251],"use":[253,290],"enhancing":[257],"cognitive":[261,316,339],"Contrary":[263],"previous":[265],"studies,":[266],"as":[269,271],"effective":[270],"practice.":[273],"finding":[275],"could":[276],"have":[277,307],"important":[278],"implications":[279],"athletes":[281],"returning":[282],"injury,":[284],"suffering":[285],"over-training":[287],"pre-performance":[292],"routines.":[293],"Therefore,":[294],"sports":[295],"psychologists":[296],"equivalence":[301],"greatest":[309],"positive":[310],"such":[315],"tasks,":[317,336],"least":[319],"short":[322],"term.":[323],"Future":[324],"research":[325],"needs":[326],"focus":[328],"applying":[330],"different":[335],"varying":[337],"complexity.":[340],"Assessing":[341],"effectiveness":[343],"used":[347],"various":[349],"combinations":[350],"with":[351],"would":[354],"also":[355],"useful":[358],"addition":[359],"literature.":[362]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}