{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2002456799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21528586.2012.727542","title":"Business Start-ups and Their Prospects of Success in South African Townships","display_name":"Business Start-ups and Their Prospects of Success in South African Townships","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2002456799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21528586.2012.727542","mag":"2002456799"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/21528586.2012.727542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21528586.2012.727542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21528586.2012.727542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179109","display_name":"South African Review of Sociology","issn_l":"2072-1978","issn":["2072-1978","2152-8586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Review of Sociology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063522162","display_name":"Peter Preisend\u00f6rfer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-4975","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-4975"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Preisend\u00f6rfer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Sociology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Sociology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018519998","display_name":"Ansgar Bitz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ansgar Bitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Sociology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Sociology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008203874","display_name":"Frans J. Bezuidenhout","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6056-7699","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6056-7699"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99712911","display_name":"Nelson Mandela University","ror":"https://ror.org/03r1jm528","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99712911"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frans J. Bezuidenhout","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99712911"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063522162"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7254,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81591784,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"3","first_page":"3","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.8339999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.8339999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12693","display_name":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","score":0.16419999301433563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14219","display_name":"Local Economic Development and Planning","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-entrepreneurship","display_name":"Black entrepreneurship","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-success","display_name":"business success","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-economy","display_name":"informal economy","score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital","display_name":"human capital","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-capital","display_name":"financial capital","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurial-empowerment","display_name":"entrepreneurial empowerment","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-african-townships","display_name":"South African townships","score":0.8980000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.835797905921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151913843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454555","display_name":"Dominance (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.6345395445823669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21279758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219409","display_name":"Venture capital","level":2,"score":0.5578690767288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5382729172706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777973936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1109680","display_name":"Small business","level":2,"score":0.5366942286491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.5069285035133362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776601338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17152789","display_name":"New Ventures","level":3,"score":0.5022587776184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.47671833634376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4737328290939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380747","display_name":"Entrepreneurial finance","level":3,"score":0.4600846767425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.45119357109069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.44346484541893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984743219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129238","display_name":"Start up","level":2,"score":0.4289952516555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.30343079566955566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2693539261817932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.2155320644378662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.17374089360237122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178550888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2043282","display_name":"Business administration","level":1,"score":0.13402003049850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/21528586.2012.727542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21528586.2012.727542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21528586.2012.727542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179109","display_name":"South African Review of Sociology","issn_l":"2072-1978","issn":["2072-1978","2152-8586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Review of Sociology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspacecris-nc1.mandela.ac.za:10948/2020454","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10948/2020454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407089438","display_name":"Nelson Mandela University Research Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9211000204086304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W607105303","https://openalex.org/W1487091971","https://openalex.org/W1529346709","https://openalex.org/W1537543935","https://openalex.org/W1559080527","https://openalex.org/W1566241727","https://openalex.org/W1581199048","https://openalex.org/W1598097039","https://openalex.org/W1892465382","https://openalex.org/W1966687200","https://openalex.org/W1968353256","https://openalex.org/W1984557809","https://openalex.org/W2009969231","https://openalex.org/W2022027970","https://openalex.org/W2027605163","https://openalex.org/W2057175686","https://openalex.org/W2117835634","https://openalex.org/W2119764122","https://openalex.org/W2145132055","https://openalex.org/W2145767742","https://openalex.org/W2168161736","https://openalex.org/W2282460069","https://openalex.org/W2334541986","https://openalex.org/W2494058398","https://openalex.org/W2611731537","https://openalex.org/W2895615562","https://openalex.org/W3121412420","https://openalex.org/W3124377141","https://openalex.org/W4206451405","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4299601558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141563649","https://openalex.org/W2028493243","https://openalex.org/W3124377141","https://openalex.org/W3019541989","https://openalex.org/W1583397571","https://openalex.org/W7220756848","https://openalex.org/W13055000","https://openalex.org/W2108320324","https://openalex.org/W4210312359","https://openalex.org/W2992849528"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,138,146,185],"consensus":[2],"within":[3],"South":[4,43],"African":[5,44],"society":[6],"that":[7,181],"black":[8,30,53,175,194],"entrepreneurship":[9,209],"needs":[10],"to":[11,25,204],"become":[12],"a":[13,36,42,79,108,119,123,141,197],"more":[14,27],"widespread":[15],"phenomenon.":[16],"To":[17],"achieve":[18],"this":[19,46],"aim,":[20],"it":[21],"may":[22],"be":[23,113,202],"helpful":[24],"know":[26],"about":[28],"existing":[29],"entrepreneurial":[31],"ventures.":[32],"Mainly":[33],"based":[34],"on":[35],"survey":[37],"of":[38,71,77,81,88,93,127,144,174,213],"90":[39],"entrepreneurs":[40,73],"in":[41,100,132,156,189,196],"township,":[45],"article":[47],"investigates":[48],"the":[49,72,94,101,133,136,149,153,157,172,182,193,206],"questions:":[50],"What":[51],"characterises":[52],"township":[54,110],"entrepreneurs?":[55],"Into":[56],"what":[57],"businesses":[58,67,99],"do":[59],"they":[60,200],"venture?":[61],"And,":[62],"most":[63],"importantly,":[64],"are":[65,96,168],"their":[66],"successful?":[68],"The":[69,90,177],"profile":[70],"yields":[74],"an":[75,85],"over-representation":[76],"men,":[78],"dominance":[80],"middle-age":[82],"groups,":[83],"and":[84,104,129,152,164],"above-average":[86],"level":[87,126],"schooling.":[89],"vast":[91],"majority":[92],"start-ups":[95],"informal,":[97],"necessity-driven":[98],"trade,":[102],"service":[103],"catering":[105],"sectors.":[106,161],"Generally,":[107],"successful":[109],"start-up":[111,150],"can":[112],"described":[114],"as":[115],"being":[116],"initiated":[117],"by":[118],"middle-aged":[120],"man":[121],"with":[122,210],"relatively":[124],"high":[125],"schooling":[128],"industry-specific":[130],"experience":[131],"relevant":[134],"branch;":[135],"venture":[137],"formally":[139],"registered;":[140],"certain":[142],"amount":[143],"money":[145],"invested":[147],"during":[148],"period;":[151],"business":[154],"operates":[155],"handcrafts":[158],"or":[159],"construction":[160],"Restricted":[162],"financial":[163],"human":[165],"capital":[166],"resources":[167],"major":[169],"barriers":[170],"for":[171],"expansion":[173],"entrepreneurship.":[176],"results":[178],"also":[179],"suggest":[180],"main":[183],"problem":[184],"not":[186],"creating":[187],"interest":[188],"entrepreneurship,":[190],"but":[191],"putting":[192],"population":[195],"position":[198],"where":[199],"will":[201],"empowered":[203],"take":[205],"step":[207],"into":[208],"better":[211],"prospects":[212],"success.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}