{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2002287161","doi":null,"title":"Driving factors and spatial scales for cluster development - The case of environmental technologies in Upper Austria","display_name":"Driving factors and spatial scales for cluster development - The case of environmental technologies in Upper Austria","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2002287161","mag":"2002287161"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wiw:wiwsre:sre-disc-2014_08","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www-sre.wu.ac.at/sre-disc/sre-disc-2014_08.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www-sre.wu.ac.at/sre-disc/sre-disc-2014_08.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000298641","display_name":"Alexander Auer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6436-2276","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6436-2276"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Auer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6436-2276","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061867298","display_name":"Franz T\u00f6dtling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-5149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-5149"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franz T\u00f6dtling","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-5149","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12636","display_name":"Regional Development and Innovation","score":0.6772000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12636","display_name":"Regional Development and Innovation","score":0.6772000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","score":0.2863999903202057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14467","display_name":"Public Administration, ICT, and Policy Development","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-technology-industry","display_name":"environmental technology industry","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-clusters","display_name":"industrial clusters","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-evolution","display_name":"cluster evolution","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-life-cycle","display_name":"cluster life cycle","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-scale","display_name":"spatial scale","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-austria","display_name":"Upper Austria","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-transfer","display_name":"knowledge transfer","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-systems","display_name":"innovation systems","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skilled-workers","display_name":"skilled workers","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-networks","display_name":"business networks","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-partners","display_name":"corporate partners","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-driven-growth","display_name":"demand-driven growth","score":0.3799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.576299786567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.5419910550117493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.4940381646156311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.4837077260017395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.42792636156082153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.39019352197647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.29708346724510193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15644073486328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wiw:wiwsre:sre-disc-2014_08","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www-sre.wu.ac.at/sre-disc/sre-disc-2014_08.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www-sre.wu.ac.at/sre-disc/sre-disc-2014_08.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:2002287161","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:wiw:wiwsre:sre-disc-2014_08","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3121572510","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/wiw/wiwsre/sre-disc-2014_08.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306530808","display_name":"SRE-Disc","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SRE-Disc","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wiw:wus009:4440","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://epub.wu.ac.at/4440/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8970999717712402,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"score":0.6452000141143799,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7046613833","https://openalex.org/W7056209173","https://openalex.org/W3125596168","https://openalex.org/W6999827335","https://openalex.org/W1859002026","https://openalex.org/W3106418898","https://openalex.org/W2648163768","https://openalex.org/W7112745170","https://openalex.org/W1992889779","https://openalex.org/W4296722054"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,103,127],"environmental":[1,22,40,94,152,280],"technology":[2,41,95,153,281],"industry":[3,10],"is":[4,108],"considered":[5],"generally":[6],"as":[7,31,203,218,239,283,285],"a":[8,36,111,171,198,286],"growing":[9],"driven":[11],"by":[12],"urging":[13],"climate-,":[14],"energy-":[15],"and":[16,20,55,69,78,90,97,120,157,185,206,221,230,241,246,271,295],"waste":[17],"problems,":[18],"regulations":[19,220],"increasing":[21],"consciousness,":[23],"among":[24],"others.":[25],"Upper":[26,101,150,168,278],"Austria":[27,49,169],"often":[28],"referred":[29],"to":[30,109,121,165,179,194,292],"an":[32,234],"industrial":[33],"region":[34,189],"features":[35],"heterogeneous":[37],"group":[38],"of":[39,52,92,105,114,117,149,175,269,276,289],"firms":[42,154,164],"that":[43,85,143,162,253],"are":[44,190,225,254],"outperforming":[45],"other":[46,195,215],"regions":[47],"in":[48,50,57,100,167,187],"terms":[51],"firm":[53,77,135],"numbers":[54],"employees":[56],"this":[58,72],"sector.":[59],"Following":[60],"the":[61,88,106,115,147,176,180,188,262,277,293],"main":[62],"theoretical":[63],"approaches":[64],"on":[65,76,81,211,228,261],"cluster":[66,70,79,99,282],"life":[67],"cycles":[68],"evolution":[71,91],"paper":[73,107,128],"examines":[74],"factors":[75,119,144,161,184,201,216,237],"level":[80,213],"different":[82],"spatial":[83],"scales":[84,275],"have":[86],"affected":[87],"emergence":[89],"individual":[93],"enterprises":[96],"its":[98],"Austria.":[102],"aim":[104],"get":[110],"profound":[112],"understanding":[113],"relevance":[116],"these":[118],"evaluate":[122],"their":[123],"development":[124,148],"over":[125,250],"time.":[126],"uses":[129],"primary":[130],"data":[131],"from":[132],"30":[133],"face-to-face":[134],"interviews":[136],"with":[137,257],"managerial":[138],"staff.":[139],"Preliminary":[140],"results":[141],"suggest":[142],"relevant":[145,192,227],"for":[146],"Austrian":[151,279],"geographically":[155,272],"shift":[156],"change":[158],"over.":[159],"Location":[160],"caused":[163],"settle":[166],"show":[170],"rather":[172],"strong":[173],"connectivity":[174],"company":[177],"founder":[178],"region.":[181],"Hence,":[182],"personal":[183],"partners":[186,243],"more":[191,209,226,248],"compared":[193],"factors.":[196],"At":[197],"later":[199],"stage,":[200],"such":[202,217,238],"skilled":[204],"labour":[205],"networks":[207],"become":[208,244],"important":[210,249],"regional":[212,263,294],"whereas":[214],"demand,":[219],"public":[222],"support":[223],"initiatives":[224],"national":[229,296],"international":[231],"levels.":[232],"From":[233],"evolutionary":[235],"perspective":[236],"demand":[240],"corporate":[242],"nationally":[245],"internationally":[247],"time,":[251],"others":[252],"mostly":[255],"associated":[256],"knowledge":[258],"transfer":[259],"remain":[260],"scale.":[264],"Overall,":[265],"we":[266],"find":[267],"tendencies":[268],"growth":[270],"enlarged":[273],"interaction":[274],"well":[284],"certain":[287],"persistence":[288],"related":[290],"ties":[291],"innovation":[297],"system.":[298],"(authors'":[299],"abstract)":[300]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}