{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2002256018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1991.tb00933.x","title":"Closeness and peer group influence","display_name":"Closeness and peer group influence","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2002256018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1991.tb00933.x","mag":"2002256018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1991.tb00933.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1991.tb00933.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1991.tb00933.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179906392","display_name":"British Journal of Social Psychology","issn_l":"0144-6665","issn":["0144-6665","2044-8309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-3","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Social Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://repository.unand.ac.id/10866/1/IMG.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103389701","display_name":"Mark Morgan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark Morgan","raw_affiliation_strings":["St Patrick's College, Dublin 9, Ireland","St. Patrick's College, Dublin, 9, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"St Patrick's College, Dublin 9, Ireland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Patrick's College, Dublin, 9, Ireland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047944762","display_name":"Joel W. Grube","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1099-8743","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1099-8743"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel W. Grube","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prevention Research Center, Berkeley, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prevention Research Center, Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103389701"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3970},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0845,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":90,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86106994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":"159","last_page":"169"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12842","display_name":"Youth, Drugs, and Violence","score":0.016599999740719795,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.008999999612569809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-influence","display_name":"peer influence","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescent-substance-use","display_name":"adolescent substance use","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cigarette-smoking","display_name":"cigarette smoking","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-consumption","display_name":"alcohol consumption","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-use","display_name":"drug use","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-approval","display_name":"peer approval","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/best-friends","display_name":"best friends","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-relationships","display_name":"peer relationships","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-use-initiation","display_name":"drug initiation","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation","display_name":"mediation","score":0.32899999618530273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779545769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135364","display_name":"Closeness","level":2,"score":0.9206832647323608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.798938512802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.6192345023155212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128593788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194193","display_name":"Peer group","level":2,"score":0.6103547811508179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138368954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215028","display_name":"Peer review","level":2,"score":0.4432932734489441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4069259762763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":10,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1991.tb00933.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1991.tb00933.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1991.tb00933.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179906392","display_name":"British Journal of Social Psychology","issn_l":"0144-6665","issn":["0144-6665","2044-8309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-3","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Social Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:6029","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/6029/1/11%20SCB1033%20DATA%20AND%20INFORMATION%20MANAGEMENT.pdf","pdf_url":"http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/6029/1/11%20SCB1033%20DATA%20AND%20INFORMATION%20MANAGEMENT.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401854","display_name":"UTPedia (Universiti Teknologi Petronas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","host_organization_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Examination Question"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:6570","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/6570/1/11%20SCB1033%20DATA%20AND%20INFORMATION%20MANAGEMENT.pdf","pdf_url":"http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/6570/1/11%20SCB1033%20DATA%20AND%20INFORMATION%20MANAGEMENT.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401854","display_name":"UTPedia (Universiti Teknologi Petronas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","host_organization_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Examination Question"},{"id":"pmh:oai:utpedia.utp.edu.my:10866","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/id/eprint/10866/1/13%20SCB1033%20DATA%20AND%20INFORMATION%20MANAGEMENT.pdf","pdf_url":"http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/id/eprint/10866/1/13%20SCB1033%20DATA%20AND%20INFORMATION%20MANAGEMENT.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401854","display_name":"UTPedia (Universiti Teknologi Petronas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","host_organization_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Past Year Examination Question"},{"id":"pmh:oai:utpedia.utp.edu.my:11059","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/id/eprint/11059/1/13%20SCB1033%20DATA%20AND%20INFORMATION%20MANAGEMENT.pdf","pdf_url":"http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/id/eprint/11059/1/13%20SCB1033%20DATA%20AND%20INFORMATION%20MANAGEMENT.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401854","display_name":"UTPedia (Universiti Teknologi Petronas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","host_organization_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Past Year Examination Question"},{"id":"pmh:oai:utpedia.utp.edu.my:5656","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/id/eprint/5656/1/14%20SCB1033%20DATA%20AND%20INFORMATTON%20MANAGEMENT.pdf","pdf_url":"http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/id/eprint/5656/1/14%20SCB1033%20DATA%20AND%20INFORMATTON%20MANAGEMENT.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401854","display_name":"UTPedia (Universiti Teknologi Petronas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","host_organization_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Past Year Examination Question"},{"id":"pmh:oai:utpedia.utp.edu.my:6029","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/id/eprint/6029/1/11%20SCB1033%20DATA%20AND%20INFORMATION%20MANAGEMENT.pdf","pdf_url":"http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/id/eprint/6029/1/11%20SCB1033%20DATA%20AND%20INFORMATION%20MANAGEMENT.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401854","display_name":"UTPedia (Universiti Teknologi Petronas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","host_organization_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Past Year Examination Question"},{"id":"pmh:oai:utpedia.utp.edu.my:6570","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/id/eprint/6570/1/11%20SCB1033%20DATA%20AND%20INFORMATION%20MANAGEMENT.pdf","pdf_url":"http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/id/eprint/6570/1/11%20SCB1033%20DATA%20AND%20INFORMATION%20MANAGEMENT.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401854","display_name":"UTPedia (Universiti Teknologi Petronas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","host_organization_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Past Year Examination Question"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:10866","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/10866/1/13%20SCB1033%20DATA%20AND%20INFORMATION%20MANAGEMENT.pdf","pdf_url":"http://repository.unand.ac.id/10866/1/IMG.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401854","display_name":"UTPedia (Universiti Teknologi Petronas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","host_organization_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Examination Question"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:5656","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/5656/1/14%20SCB1033%20DATA%20AND%20INFORMATTON%20MANAGEMENT.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/5656/1/UN_Ecstasy_amphetamines_2003.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401854","display_name":"UTPedia (Universiti Teknologi Petronas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","host_organization_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Examination Question"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:10866","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/10866/1/13%20SCB1033%20DATA%20AND%20INFORMATION%20MANAGEMENT.pdf","pdf_url":"http://repository.unand.ac.id/10866/1/IMG.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401854","display_name":"UTPedia (Universiti Teknologi Petronas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","host_organization_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Examination Question"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310145","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2002256018.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2002256018.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589737427","https://openalex.org/W1596801600","https://openalex.org/W1860691282","https://openalex.org/W1963890146","https://openalex.org/W1968807366","https://openalex.org/W1970327686","https://openalex.org/W1983464875","https://openalex.org/W1987001651","https://openalex.org/W1997740422","https://openalex.org/W2006644814","https://openalex.org/W2052809141","https://openalex.org/W2059636741","https://openalex.org/W2061356227","https://openalex.org/W2077442564","https://openalex.org/W2094489471","https://openalex.org/W2101918808","https://openalex.org/W2109892598","https://openalex.org/W2110361243","https://openalex.org/W2111238303","https://openalex.org/W2118502649","https://openalex.org/W2130285135","https://openalex.org/W2143516172","https://openalex.org/W2150313149","https://openalex.org/W2154002706","https://openalex.org/W2162963027","https://openalex.org/W2318114649","https://openalex.org/W2326425321","https://openalex.org/W4240946320","https://openalex.org/W4246331610"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1995054232","https://openalex.org/W2156910174","https://openalex.org/W2080926407","https://openalex.org/W2112292965","https://openalex.org/W2001371411","https://openalex.org/W1969709819","https://openalex.org/W2002249742","https://openalex.org/W2888911196","https://openalex.org/W4386089551"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,28],"hypothesized":[2],"that":[3,116,123],"closeness":[4,52],"of":[5,29,32,50,67,98,110,131,149],"peer":[6,16,33],"group":[7],"relationships":[8],"would":[9],"be":[10],"a":[11,26,143],"critical":[12,144],"factor":[13],"in":[14,25,135,146],"determining":[15],"influence":[17],"on":[18,37],"substance":[19],"use.":[20,151],"The":[21],"hypothesis":[22],"was":[23],"examined":[24],"panel":[27],"the":[30,51,54,72,80,84,108,113,139,147],"effects":[31],"approval":[34],"and":[35,41,112,133],"behaviour":[36],"cigarette":[38],"smoking,":[39],"drinking":[40],"other":[42],"drug":[43,68,99,150],"use":[44,69,100],"among":[45],"Irish":[46],"adolescents.":[47],"In":[48,119],"support":[49],"hypothesis,":[53],"influences":[55],"relating":[56,75],"to":[57,76,103],"peers":[58],"identified":[59,82],"by":[60],"respondents":[61],"as":[62,83,101,106],"\u2018friends'":[63],"were":[64,71,92,117,127],"better":[65],"predictors":[66],"than":[70],"corresponding":[73],"factors":[74,115],"same\u2010aged":[77],"peers,":[78],"while":[79,138],"person":[81],"\u2018best":[85],"friend\u2019":[86],"seemed":[87],"uniquely":[88],"influential.":[89],"Furthermore,":[90],"there":[91],"important":[93],"differences":[94],"associated":[95],"with":[96],"maintenance":[97,148],"opposed":[102],"initiation,":[104],"both":[105],"regards":[107],"type":[109],"friends":[111,126],"mediating":[114],"important.":[118],"particular,":[120],"it":[121],"emerged":[122],"several":[124],"good":[125],"influential":[128],"(by":[129],"means":[130],"example":[132],"approval)":[134],"initiation":[136],",":[137],"best":[140],"friend":[141],"had":[142],"role":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}