{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2002245489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.053553","title":"Arctic reindeer extend their visual range into the ultraviolet","display_name":"Arctic reindeer extend their visual range into the ultraviolet","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2002245489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.053553","mag":"2002245489","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21613517"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1242/jeb.053553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.053553","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.053553","pdf_url":"https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article-pdf/214/12/2014/1273346/2014.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20257348","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","issn_l":"0022-0949","issn":["0022-0949","1477-9145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311847","host_organization_name":"The Company of Biologists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311847"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Company of Biologists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article-pdf/214/12/2014/1273346/2014.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102871214","display_name":"Christopher R. Hogg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-2302","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-2302"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150574","display_name":"Moorfields Eye Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03tb37539","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325675289","https://openalex.org/I4210150574"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Hogg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Moorfields Eye Hospital, 162 City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moorfields Eye Hospital, 162 City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044177160","display_name":"Magella M. Neveu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3859-0865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3859-0865"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150574","display_name":"Moorfields Eye Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03tb37539","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325675289","https://openalex.org/I4210150574"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magella Neveu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Moorfields Eye Hospital, 162 City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moorfields Eye Hospital, 162 City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109093077","display_name":"Karl\u2010Arne Stokkan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78037679","display_name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/00wge5k78","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl-Arne Stokkan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Troms\u00f8, 9037 Troms\u00f8, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Troms\u00f8, 9037 Troms\u00f8, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068019024","display_name":"Lars P. Folkow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6580-9156","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6580-9156"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78037679","display_name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/00wge5k78","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Folkow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Troms\u00f8, 9037 Troms\u00f8, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Troms\u00f8, 9037 Troms\u00f8, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052850130","display_name":"Phillippa B. Cottrill","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726869","display_name":"City St George's, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/047ybhc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phillippa Cottrill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Optometry and Visual Science, City University London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Optometry and Visual Science, City University London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108787640","display_name":"Ronald H. Douglas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726869","display_name":"City St George's, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/047ybhc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Douglas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Optometry and Visual Science, City University London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Optometry and Visual Science, City University London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074274548","display_name":"David M. Hunt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9264-3948","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9264-3948"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405252610","display_name":"Oceans Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/028khat13","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I4405252610"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["AU","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David M. Hunt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Ophthalmology University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK","School of Animal Biology and Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Ophthalmology University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Animal Biology and Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I4405252610"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089232995","display_name":"Glen Jeffery","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-4521","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-4521"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150574","display_name":"Moorfields Eye Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03tb37539","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325675289","https://openalex.org/I4210150574"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Glen Jeffery","raw_affiliation_strings":["Moorfields Eye Hospital, 162 City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moorfields Eye Hospital, 162 City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089232995"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150574"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7628,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83928444,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"214","issue":"12","first_page":"2014","last_page":"2019"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.6909000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.6909000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13100","display_name":"Comparative Animal Anatomy Studies","score":0.11900000274181366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.08940000087022781,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultraviolet-vision","display_name":"ultraviolet vision","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rod-photoreceptors","display_name":"rod photoreceptors","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cone-photoreceptors","display_name":"cone photoreceptors","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opsin-expression","display_name":"opsin expression","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retina","display_name":"retina","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoreceptor-degeneration","display_name":"photoreceptor degeneration","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/twilight-vision","display_name":"twilight vision","score":0.6850000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.7091137766838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.6071717143058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.6029585003852844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30878456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4787597","display_name":"Arctic vegetation","level":4,"score":0.5406010746955872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30028475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24785022","display_name":"Opsin","level":4,"score":0.5231600999832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4245792627334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.4100988209247589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3472819924354553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.33988475799560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.25384747982025146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125069764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43262","display_name":"Tundra","level":3,"score":0.22709816694259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202033177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423107","display_name":"Rhodopsin","level":3,"score":0.21576666831970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14548808336257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.14466622471809387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.1251295804977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.08398514986038208}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001110","descriptor_name":"Arctic Regions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001110","descriptor_name":"Arctic Regions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001110","descriptor_name":"Arctic Regions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001110","descriptor_name":"Arctic Regions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003118","descriptor_name":"Color Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003118","descriptor_name":"Color Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003118","descriptor_name":"Color Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003118","descriptor_name":"Color Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003315","descriptor_name":"Cornea","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003315","descriptor_name":"Cornea","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003315","descriptor_name":"Cornea","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003315","descriptor_name":"Cornea","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003315","descriptor_name":"Cornea","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003315","descriptor_name":"Cornea","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003315","descriptor_name":"Cornea","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003315","descriptor_name":"Cornea","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004596","descriptor_name":"Electroretinography","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004596","descriptor_name":"Electroretinography","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004596","descriptor_name":"Electroretinography","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004596","descriptor_name":"Electroretinography","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007908","descriptor_name":"Lens, Crystalline","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007908","descriptor_name":"Lens, Crystalline","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007908","descriptor_name":"Lens, Crystalline","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007908","descriptor_name":"Lens, Crystalline","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007908","descriptor_name":"Lens, Crystalline","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007908","descriptor_name":"Lens, Crystalline","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007908","descriptor_name":"Lens, Crystalline","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007908","descriptor_name":"Lens, Crystalline","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009664","descriptor_name":"Norway","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009664","descriptor_name":"Norway","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009664","descriptor_name":"Norway","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009664","descriptor_name":"Norway","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012053","descriptor_name":"Reindeer","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012053","descriptor_name":"Reindeer","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012053","descriptor_name":"Reindeer","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012053","descriptor_name":"Reindeer","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012621","descriptor_name":"Seasons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012621","descriptor_name":"Seasons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012621","descriptor_name":"Seasons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012621","descriptor_name":"Seasons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014466","descriptor_name":"Ultraviolet Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014466","descriptor_name":"Ultraviolet Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014466","descriptor_name":"Ultraviolet Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014466","descriptor_name":"Ultraviolet Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017948","descriptor_name":"Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017948","descriptor_name":"Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017948","descriptor_name":"Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017948","descriptor_name":"Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017949","descriptor_name":"Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017949","descriptor_name":"Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017949","descriptor_name":"Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017949","descriptor_name":"Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055355","descriptor_name":"Opsins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055355","descriptor_name":"Opsins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055355","descriptor_name":"Opsins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055355","descriptor_name":"Opsins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1242/jeb.053553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.053553","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.053553","pdf_url":"https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article-pdf/214/12/2014/1273346/2014.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20257348","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","issn_l":"0022-0949","issn":["0022-0949","1477-9145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311847","host_organization_name":"The Company of Biologists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311847"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Company of Biologists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21613517","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21613517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of experimental biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.city.ac.uk:2033","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/view/creators_id/r=2Eh=2Edouglas.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401940","display_name":"City Research Online (City University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","host_organization_name":"City, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/a50eabc7-a153-4de6-8e9f-c61d72db9ec1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/a50eabc7-a153-4de6-8e9f-c61d72db9ec1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402492","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hogg, C, Neveu, M, Stokkan, K, Folkow, L, Cottrill, P, Douglas, R, Hunt, D & Jeffery, G 2011, 'Arctic reindeer extend their visual range into the ultraviolet', Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 214, pp. 2014-2019. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.053553","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1311496","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1311496/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Experimental Biology , 214 (12) 2014 - 2019. (2011)","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1242/jeb.053553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.053553","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.053553","pdf_url":"https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article-pdf/214/12/2014/1273346/2014.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20257348","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","issn_l":"0022-0949","issn":["0022-0949","1477-9145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311847","host_organization_name":"The Company of Biologists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311847"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Company of Biologists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G206614866","display_name":"A changing mirror: Arctic reindeer adapt their eyes to extreme changes in environmental illumination by shifting the reflectance behind their retina","funder_award_id":"BB/F008244/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","funder_display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6461163933","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BB/F008244/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","funder_display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332167","display_name":"Directorate for Biological Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/001xhss06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00cwqg982"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2002245489.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2002245489.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10018517","https://openalex.org/W105054642","https://openalex.org/W127391971","https://openalex.org/W187862294","https://openalex.org/W599965981","https://openalex.org/W1604906612","https://openalex.org/W1970974921","https://openalex.org/W1973255593","https://openalex.org/W1988838993","https://openalex.org/W1989303180","https://openalex.org/W1989499292","https://openalex.org/W1990967995","https://openalex.org/W1991662115","https://openalex.org/W1995718821","https://openalex.org/W1999608697","https://openalex.org/W2001437541","https://openalex.org/W2020713324","https://openalex.org/W2021585187","https://openalex.org/W2033125871","https://openalex.org/W2036047243","https://openalex.org/W2048807342","https://openalex.org/W2050323219","https://openalex.org/W2062827914","https://openalex.org/W2073379846","https://openalex.org/W2079378329","https://openalex.org/W2080772542","https://openalex.org/W2088213728","https://openalex.org/W2093943173","https://openalex.org/W2095317192","https://openalex.org/W2097512422","https://openalex.org/W2097706568","https://openalex.org/W2109798566","https://openalex.org/W2128064477","https://openalex.org/W2146155208","https://openalex.org/W2147027669","https://openalex.org/W2155381009","https://openalex.org/W2156434383","https://openalex.org/W2157308120","https://openalex.org/W2164173165","https://openalex.org/W2328220423","https://openalex.org/W2400422541","https://openalex.org/W3023555058","https://openalex.org/W6986336072"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2102549296","https://openalex.org/W101883115","https://openalex.org/W2009477947","https://openalex.org/W2513327100","https://openalex.org/W3004595093","https://openalex.org/W3115393451","https://openalex.org/W4252555448","https://openalex.org/W131443289","https://openalex.org/W3173659805","https://openalex.org/W593973592"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Arctic":[1,36,134],"has":[2],"extreme":[3,171],"seasonal":[4],"changes":[5],"in":[6,35,67,107,132,150,160,175,179],"light":[7],"levels":[8],"and":[9,20,25,33,43,54,66,101,109,136],"is":[10,77,118,142],"proportionally":[11],"UV-rich":[12],"because":[13],"of":[14,16,97,103,114,121,139],"scattering":[15],"the":[17,31,45,73,93,98,119,147,176,180],"shorter":[18],"wavelengths":[19,95],"their":[21,89],"reflection":[22],"from":[23],"snow":[24],"ice.":[26],"Here":[27],"we":[28],"show":[29,71],"that":[30,44,72],"cornea":[32],"lens":[34],"reindeer":[37],"do":[38],"not":[39,78,157],"block":[40],"all":[41],"UV":[42,59,76,83,127,141,172],"retina":[46],"responds":[47],"electrophysiologically":[48],"to":[49,58,75,130,146,158],"these":[50,161],"wavelengths.":[51],"Both":[52],"rod":[53],"cone":[55],"photoreceptors":[56],"respond":[57],"at":[60],"low-intensity":[61],"stimulation.":[62],"Retinal":[63],"RNA":[64],"extraction":[65],"vitro":[68],"opsin":[69],"expression":[70],"response":[74],"mediated":[79],"by":[80,125],"a":[81],"specific":[82,112],"photoreceptor":[84,151],"mechanism.":[85],"Reindeer":[86],"thus":[87],"extend":[88],"visual":[90],"range":[91],"into":[92],"short":[94],"characteristic":[96],"winter":[99,183],"environment":[100],"periods":[102],"extended":[104],"twilight":[105],"present":[106,174],"spring":[108],"autumn.":[110],"A":[111],"advantage":[113],"this":[115],"short-wavelength":[116],"vision":[117],"use":[120],"potential":[122],"information":[123],"caused":[124],"differential":[126],"reflections":[128],"known":[129],"occur":[131,159],"both":[133],"vegetation":[135],"different":[137],"types":[138],"snow.":[140],"normally":[143],"highly":[144],"damaging":[145],"retina,":[148],"resulting":[149],"degeneration.":[152],"Because":[153],"such":[154],"damage":[155],"appears":[156],"animals,":[162],"they":[163],"may":[164],"have":[165],"evolved":[166],"retinal":[167],"mechanisms":[168],"protecting":[169],"against":[170],"exposure":[173],"daylight":[177],"found":[178],"snow-covered":[181],"late":[182],"environment.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}