{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2002223735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1716726","title":"Duo Plasmatron Ion Source for Use in Accelerators","display_name":"Duo Plasmatron Ion Source for Use in Accelerators","publication_year":1959,"publication_date":"1959-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2002223735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1716726","mag":"2002223735"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1716726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1716726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1716726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31010182","display_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","issn_l":"0034-6748","issn":["0034-6748","1089-7623","1527-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007609279","display_name":"Charles D. Moak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. D. Moak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035740563","display_name":"H. E. Banta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. E. Banta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J. N. Thurston","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. N. Thurston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009267480","display_name":"James W. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6534-8783","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6534-8783"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. W. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061782354","display_name":"R. King","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. F. King","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3362,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":124,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93871753,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"8","first_page":"694","last_page":"699"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11367","display_name":"Particle accelerators and beam dynamics","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11367","display_name":"Particle accelerators and beam dynamics","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12077","display_name":"Vacuum and Plasma Arcs","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11920","display_name":"Pulsed Power Technology Applications","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ion-source","display_name":"ion source","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-charge-limited-current","display_name":"space-charge-limited current","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-beam","display_name":"proton beam","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-hydrogen-ion","display_name":"negative hydrogen ion","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helium-ions","display_name":"helium ions","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-emission","display_name":"electron emission","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-efficiency","display_name":"gas efficiency","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-economy","display_name":"power economy","score":0.4790000021457672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780206912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640383","display_name":"Plasmatron","level":3,"score":0.9633040428161621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.7577942609786987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54516573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294","display_name":"Proton","level":2,"score":0.655011773109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188224857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905291","display_name":"Ion source","level":3,"score":0.597740888595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.5639033317565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103132145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1669228","display_name":"Space charge","level":3,"score":0.5405595898628235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.5258246660232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.5185987949371338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4621247947216034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.43319499492645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189166818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130825","display_name":"Particle accelerator","level":3,"score":0.4276158809661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.36182641983032227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.2250846028327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.22350311279296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.20142650604248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1716726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1716726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1716726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31010182","display_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","issn_l":"0034-6748","issn":["0034-6748","1089-7623","1527-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491082791","https://openalex.org/W1966579984","https://openalex.org/W2030430116","https://openalex.org/W2051901330","https://openalex.org/W2074933370"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007666269","https://openalex.org/W1998349108","https://openalex.org/W4236212378","https://openalex.org/W2070047408","https://openalex.org/W2183436880","https://openalex.org/W2053259722","https://openalex.org/W114529487","https://openalex.org/W1625720210","https://openalex.org/W4240645601","https://openalex.org/W2146393002"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evaluations":[0],"of":[1,17,28,39,79,96,145,148,154,171,178],"various":[2,37],"sources":[3],"for":[4,36,45,107,134,167],"accelerator":[5,126],"use":[6],"at":[7,101],"proton":[8,118,142,169],"currents":[9],"above":[10],"10":[11],"ma":[12,67],"indicate":[13],"that":[14,27,69,117],"a":[15,161,168],"variation":[16],"Von":[18],"Ardenne's":[19],"Duo":[20,71,180],"Plasmatron":[21,72,181],"will":[22,121],"give":[23],"performance":[24],"superior":[25],"to":[26,65,76,141],"any":[29],"other":[30],"source":[31,41,162],"presently":[32],"available.":[33],"Operating":[34],"characteristics":[35],"sizes":[38],"the":[40,60,70,92,102,125,131,179],"have":[42],"been":[43,165],"examined":[44],"H1+,":[46],"H2+,":[47],"H3+,":[48],"H1\u2212,":[49],"He+,":[50],"and":[51,54,137,151,193],"He++":[52,155],"ions":[53,136,150,156],"electrons.":[55],"Experience":[56],"with":[57],"protons":[58],"in":[59,91,110],"current":[61,119,170],"range":[62],"from":[63,160],"1":[64],"30":[66],"indicates":[68],"can":[73,114],"deliver":[74],"up":[75],"100":[77],"amp/cm2":[78],"exit":[80],"aperture":[81],"area.":[82],"Current":[83],"densities":[84,120],"such":[85],"as":[86],"this":[87],"cannot":[88],"be":[89,115,122],"maintained":[90],"accelerator-extractor":[93],"section":[94],"because":[95],"space":[97],"charge":[98],"forces,":[99],"even":[100],"highest":[103],"gradients":[104],"normally":[105],"available":[106],"well-polished":[108],"electrodes":[109],"vacuum;":[111],"thus":[112],"it":[113],"said":[116],"space-charge-limited":[123],"by":[124,130],"rather":[127],"than":[128],"emission-limited":[129],"source.":[132],"Operation":[133],"He+":[135],"electrons":[138],"is":[139],"similar":[140],"operation.":[143],"Currents":[144],"11":[146],"\u03bca":[147,153],"H1\u2212":[149],"5":[152],"were":[157],"extracted":[158],"directly":[159],"which":[163],"had":[164],"designed":[166],"several":[172],"milliamperes.":[173],"The":[174],"most":[175],"striking":[176],"features":[177],"are":[182],"its":[183],"remarkably":[184],"high":[185,187],"brilliance,":[186],"gas":[188],"efficiency,":[189],"good":[190],"power":[191],"economy,":[192],"compactness.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
