{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2002193504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200411000-00034","title":"THE IMPORTANCE OF ISOMETRIC MAXIMUM STRENGTH AND PEAK RATE-OF-FORCE DEVELOPMENT IN SPRINT CYCLING","display_name":"THE IMPORTANCE OF ISOMETRIC MAXIMUM STRENGTH AND PEAK RATE-OF-FORCE DEVELOPMENT IN SPRINT CYCLING","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2002193504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200411000-00034","mag":"2002193504","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15574097"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1519/00124278-200411000-00034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200411000-00034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200411000-00034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150708336","display_name":"The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","issn_l":"1064-8011","issn":["1064-8011","1533-4287"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110528859","display_name":"Michael Henry Stone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8652-3897","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8652-3897"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12079687","display_name":"Edith Cowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jhnwe22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091533","display_name":"United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee","ror":"https://ror.org/000ch3x42","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091533"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MICHAEL H. STONE","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical and Sports Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia","Sports Science, United States Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80909","Sports Science, United States Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, CO 80909, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical and Sports Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sports Science, United States Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80909","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sports Science, United States Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, CO 80909, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103229359","display_name":"William A. Sands","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8096-0607","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8096-0607"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091533","display_name":"United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee","ror":"https://ror.org/000ch3x42","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"WILLIAM A. SANDS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sports Science, United States Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80909"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sports Science, United States Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80909","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042220103","display_name":"Jon Carlock","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091533","display_name":"United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee","ror":"https://ror.org/000ch3x42","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JON CARLOCK","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sports Science, United States Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80909"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sports Science, United States Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80909","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016122239","display_name":"Sam Callan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SAM CALLAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["USA","USA Cycling, Colorado Springs, Colorado"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"USA Cycling, Colorado Springs, Colorado","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006239911","display_name":"DES DICKIE","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DES DICKIE","raw_affiliation_strings":["USA","USA Cycling, Colorado Springs, Colorado"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"USA Cycling, Colorado Springs, Colorado","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078294521","display_name":"Karen L. Daigle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091533","display_name":"United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee","ror":"https://ror.org/000ch3x42","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KAREN DAIGLE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sports Science, United States Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80909"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sports Science, United States Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80909","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"JOHN COTTON","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091533","display_name":"United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee","ror":"https://ror.org/000ch3x42","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JOHN COTTON","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sports Science, United States Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80909"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sports Science, United States Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80909","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084865556","display_name":"Sarah L. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8793-0934","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8793-0934"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091533","display_name":"United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee","ror":"https://ror.org/000ch3x42","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SARAH L. SMITH","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sports Science, United States Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80909"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sports Science, United States Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80909","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091533"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023869800","display_name":"Michael J. Hartman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6843-111X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6843-111X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091533","display_name":"United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee","ror":"https://ror.org/000ch3x42","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MICHAEL HARTMAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sports Science, United States Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80909"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sports Science, United States Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80909","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091533"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6342,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":210,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88237805,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"878","last_page":"878"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13189","display_name":"Physical Education and Training Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sprint-cycling","display_name":"sprint cycling","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explosive-strength","display_name":"explosive strength","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wingate-test","display_name":"Wingate test","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-composition","display_name":"body composition","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sprint-time","display_name":"sprint time","score":0.531000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776868573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46855","display_name":"Sprint","level":2,"score":0.9515881538391113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103486182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1216236","display_name":"Isometric exercise","level":2,"score":0.845171332359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541528975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53121","display_name":"Cycling","level":2,"score":0.8285070061683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148810546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087397","display_name":"Wingate test","level":3,"score":0.6403818130493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5261948704719543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020194493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3738671","display_name":"Explosive strength","level":2,"score":0.51824951171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992820576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q401880","display_name":"Absolute power","level":3,"score":0.4355945885181427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.3002488613128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.23028793931007385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5140985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483866","display_name":"Anaerobic exercise","level":2,"score":0.17555436491966248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001642","descriptor_name":"Bicycling","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001823","descriptor_name":"Body Composition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005080","descriptor_name":"Exercise Test","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007537","descriptor_name":"Isometric Contraction","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014891","descriptor_name":"Weight Lifting","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1519/00124278-200411000-00034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200411000-00034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200411000-00034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150708336","display_name":"The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","issn_l":"1064-8011","issn":["1064-8011","1533-4287"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1519/14874.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1519/14874.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1519/14874.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150708336","display_name":"The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","issn_l":"1064-8011","issn":["1064-8011","1533-4287"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15574097","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15574097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of strength and conditioning research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2801265832","https://openalex.org/W7217180602","https://openalex.org/W2917523048","https://openalex.org/W80648592","https://openalex.org/W4415696048","https://openalex.org/W7006022036","https://openalex.org/W2621742917","https://openalex.org/W2002404607","https://openalex.org/W2809403660","https://openalex.org/W2618446240"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,33],"was":[2,34,71,81,96,173],"designed":[3],"to":[4,12,66,161],"investigate":[5],"the":[6,51,84,90,116],"relationship":[7],"of":[8,143],"whole-body":[9],"maximum":[10,171],"strength":[11,70,80,150,158,172],"variables":[13,21],"potentially":[14],"associated":[15],"with":[16,165,176],"track":[17],"sprint-cycling":[18,30],"success.":[19],"These":[20],"included":[22],"body":[23],"composition,":[24],"power":[25,95,203],"measures,":[26],"coach's":[27,178],"rank,":[28],"and":[29,101,106,140,153,156,167,182,184,204],"times.":[31],"The":[32,40,190],"carried":[35],"out":[36],"in":[37,201],"2":[38],"parts.":[39],"first":[41],"part":[42,53],"(n":[43,54],"=":[44,55],"30)":[45],"served":[46],"as":[47,83],"a":[48,126],"pilot":[49],"for":[50,58],"second":[52],"20).":[56],"Subjects":[57],"both":[59,177],"parts":[60],"ranged":[61],"from":[62,89,98],"international-caliber":[63],"sprint":[64,185,196,208],"cyclists":[65,197],"local-level":[67],"cyclists.":[68,209],"Maximum":[69,149],"measured":[72,82,107,130],"using":[73,131],"an":[74,144,199],"isometric":[75,91],"midthigh":[76],"pull":[77],"(IPF).":[78],"Explosive":[79],"peak":[85],"rate-of-force":[86],"development":[87],"(IPRFD)":[88],"force-time":[92],"curve.":[93],"Peak":[94],"estimated":[97],"countermovement":[99],"(CMJPP)":[100],"static":[102],"vertical":[103],"jumps":[104],"(SJPP)":[105],"by":[108,115],"modified":[109],"Wingate":[110,168],"tests.":[111],"Athletes":[112],"were":[113,129,159],"ranked":[114],"U.S.":[117],"national":[118],"cycling":[119,186],"coach":[120],"(part":[121,147,188],"1).":[122],"Sprint":[123],"times":[124,187],"(from":[125],"standing":[127],"start)":[128],"timing":[132],"gates":[133],"placed":[134],"at":[135],"25,":[136],"82.5,":[137],"165,":[138],"247.5,":[139],"330":[141],"m":[142],"outdoor":[145],"velodrome":[146],"2).":[148,189],"(both":[151],"absolute":[152],"body-mass":[154],"corrected)":[155],"explosive":[157],"shown":[160],"be":[162],"strongly":[163,174],"correlated":[164,175],"jump":[166],"power.":[169],"Additionally,":[170],"rank":[179],"(parts":[180],"1":[181],"2)":[183],"results":[191],"suggest":[192],"that":[193],"larger,":[194],"stronger":[195],"have":[198],"advantage":[200],"producing":[202],"are":[205],"generally":[206],"faster":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
