{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2002181702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2420","title":"Ultralong spin coherence time in isotopically engineered diamond","display_name":"Ultralong spin coherence time in isotopically engineered diamond","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2002181702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2420","mag":"2002181702","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19349970"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/nmat2420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103895331","display_name":"Nature Materials","issn_l":"1476-1122","issn":["1476-1122","1476-4660"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014688397","display_name":"Gopalakrishnan Balasubramanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3839-3837","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3839-3837"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131661","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/03e76ya46","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210131661","https://openalex.org/I4387154714"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gopalakrishnan Balasubramanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany","Research Group of Nanoscale Spin Imaging, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry, Max Planck Society"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Group of Nanoscale Spin Imaging, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry, Max Planck Society","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210131661"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026387166","display_name":"Philipp Neumann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2146-0412","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2146-0412"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Neumann","raw_affiliation_strings":["3 Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3 Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027038571","display_name":"Daniel J. Twitchen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0085-153X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0085-153X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125572","display_name":"Element Six (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/02dw7ch21","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125572"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Twitchen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Element Six Ltd, King\u2019s Ride Park, Ascot SL5 8BP, UK","Element Six Ltd, Ascot SL5 8BP, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Element Six Ltd, King\u2019s Ride Park, Ascot SL5 8BP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125572"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Element Six Ltd, Ascot SL5 8BP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029081577","display_name":"Matthew Markham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8898-5884","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8898-5884"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125572","display_name":"Element Six (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/02dw7ch21","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125572"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Markham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Element Six Ltd, King\u2019s Ride Park, Ascot SL5 8BP, UK","Element Six Ltd, Ascot SL5 8BP, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Element Six Ltd, King\u2019s Ride Park, Ascot SL5 8BP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125572"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Element Six Ltd, Ascot SL5 8BP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013892387","display_name":"Roman L. Kolesov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roman Kolesov","raw_affiliation_strings":["3 Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3 Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029842480","display_name":"Norikazu Mizuochi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3099-3210","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3099-3210"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["DE","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norikazu Mizuochi","raw_affiliation_strings":["3 Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany","Graduate School of Library, Information and Media Studies, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan","Graduate School of Library, Information and Media Studies, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3 Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Library, Information and Media Studies, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Library, Information and Media Studies, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074119406","display_name":"Junichi Isoya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9598-625X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9598-625X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junichi Isoya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Library, Information and Media Studies, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan","Graduate School of Library, Information and Media Studies, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,  Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Library, Information and Media Studies, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Library, Information and Media Studies, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,  Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032836667","display_name":"Jocelyn Achard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7000-7230","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7000-7230"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091279","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord","ror":"https://ror.org/0199hds37","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091279"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jocelyn Achard","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIMHP/CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Paris 13, 93430 Villetaneuse, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIMHP/CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Paris 13, 93430 Villetaneuse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210091279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102809915","display_name":"Johannes Beck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6692-6688","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6692-6688"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Beck","raw_affiliation_strings":["3 Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3 Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079979828","display_name":"Julia Tisler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julia Tissler","raw_affiliation_strings":["3 Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3 Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062152732","display_name":"V. Jacques","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5471-6061","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5471-6061"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Jacques","raw_affiliation_strings":["3 Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3 Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000400042","display_name":"Philip Hemmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2054-5318","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2054-5318"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip R. Hemmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA","Texas A&M University, Texas 77843, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University, Texas 77843, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021567937","display_name":"Fedor Jelezko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-3917","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-3917"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fedor Jelezko","raw_affiliation_strings":["3 Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3 Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025341678","display_name":"J\u00f6rg Wrachtrup","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3328-9093","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3328-9093"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J\u00f6rg Wrachtrup","raw_affiliation_strings":["3 Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3 Physikalisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021567937","https://openalex.org/A5025341678"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":45.5912,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1936,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99954468,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"5","first_page":"383","last_page":"387"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10478","display_name":"Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10478","display_name":"Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12381","display_name":"Electron Spin Resonance Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diamond-nanocrystals","display_name":"diamond nanocrystals","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-spin-coherence","display_name":"electron spin coherence","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-dephasing-time","display_name":"spin dephasing time","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paramagnetic-impurities","display_name":"paramagnetic impurities","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cvd-diamond","display_name":"CVD diamond","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-crystal-diamond","display_name":"single-crystal diamond","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-qubits","display_name":"spin qubits","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-sensing","display_name":"magnetic field sensing","score":0.7609999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778870898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7577658","display_name":"Spins","level":2,"score":0.7281931638717651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776921476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283","display_name":"Diamond","level":2,"score":0.6854878664016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47091857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118612","display_name":"Coherence time","level":3,"score":0.5247828364372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30080830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917","display_name":"Graphene","level":2,"score":0.49174764752388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124712363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188479","display_name":"Paramagnetism","level":2,"score":0.4882252514362335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4760877192020416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49023278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5260650","display_name":"Dephasing","level":2,"score":0.4516836106777191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.4397992789745331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.4312208890914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.42551150918006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57410435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505668","display_name":"Chemical vapor deposition","level":2,"score":0.4165574312210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.3473803699016571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.33760499954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.27004504203796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.10382550954818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002247","descriptor_name":"Carbon Isotopes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002247","descriptor_name":"Carbon Isotopes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002247","descriptor_name":"Carbon Isotopes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002616","descriptor_name":"Chemical Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002616","descriptor_name":"Chemical Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002616","descriptor_name":"Chemical Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009584","descriptor_name":"Nitrogen","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009584","descriptor_name":"Nitrogen","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009584","descriptor_name":"Nitrogen","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011789","descriptor_name":"Quantum Theory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011789","descriptor_name":"Quantum Theory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011789","descriptor_name":"Quantum Theory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018130","descriptor_name":"Diamond","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018130","descriptor_name":"Diamond","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018130","descriptor_name":"Diamond","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/nmat2420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103895331","display_name":"Nature Materials","issn_l":"1476-1122","issn":["1476-1122","1476-4660"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19349970","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19349970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature materials","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03575915v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03575915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nature Materials, 2009, 8 (5), pp.383-387. ⟨10.1038/nmat2420⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.mpg.de:528175","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://edoc.mpg.de/528175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922265","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nature Materials, v.8, 383-387 (2009)","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escidoc.org:escidoc:927632","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0011-A084-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052962","display_name":"Max Planck Digital Library","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210088280","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088280"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_927632","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0011-A084-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nature Materials","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W564070872","https://openalex.org/W1971540314","https://openalex.org/W1980583020","https://openalex.org/W1995176940","https://openalex.org/W2010029433","https://openalex.org/W2014935324","https://openalex.org/W2036547226","https://openalex.org/W2047166938","https://openalex.org/W2051118914","https://openalex.org/W2054265686","https://openalex.org/W2056234575","https://openalex.org/W2056482159","https://openalex.org/W2070874051","https://openalex.org/W2076677450","https://openalex.org/W2093233570","https://openalex.org/W2108479345","https://openalex.org/W2128819838"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293823841","https://openalex.org/W3205423449","https://openalex.org/W1988789750","https://openalex.org/W2098137741","https://openalex.org/W2771616857","https://openalex.org/W1565276572","https://openalex.org/W3105887693","https://openalex.org/W2608217193","https://openalex.org/W3205694504","https://openalex.org/W2085841108"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":83},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":103},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":102},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":114},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":100},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":112},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":130},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":146},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":118},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":108},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":111},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":134},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":147},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":140},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":102}],"updated_date":"2026-10-20T09:52:01.089006","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}