{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2001908951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1116/1.575377","title":"Surface modification in the nanometer range by the scanning tunneling microscope","display_name":"Surface modification in the nanometer range by the scanning tunneling microscope","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2001908951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1116/1.575377","mag":"2001908951"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1116/1.575377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1116/1.575377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1116/1.575377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190837","display_name":"Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Vacuum Surfaces and Films","issn_l":"0734-2101","issn":["0734-2101","1520-8559"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Vacuum Science &amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047229074","display_name":"U. Staufer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3519-6467","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3519-6467"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U. Staufer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043325339","display_name":"R. Wiesendanger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0472-4183","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0472-4183"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Wiesendanger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064175984","display_name":"Lukas M. Eng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2484-4158","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2484-4158"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Eng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"L. Rosenthaler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Rosenthaler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109991268","display_name":"H.\u2010R. Hidber","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H.-R. Hidber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113694939","display_name":"H.\u2010J. G\u00fcntherodt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H.-J. G\u00fcntherodt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101710723","display_name":"N. Garc\u0131\u0301a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-6290","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-6290"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Fisica Fundamental, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Fisica Fundamental, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":27.3089,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99751989,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"537","last_page":"539"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10633","display_name":"Metallic Glasses and Amorphous Alloys","score":0.4242999851703644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10633","display_name":"Metallic Glasses and Amorphous Alloys","score":0.4242999851703644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12224","display_name":"Nanofabrication and Lithography Techniques","score":0.16130000352859497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13531","display_name":"Surface and Thin Film Phenomena","score":0.11110000312328339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amorphous-alloys","display_name":"amorphous alloys","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-modification","display_name":"surface modification","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope","display_name":"scanning tunneling microscope","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ion-milling","display_name":"ion beam etching","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"surface roughness","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/localized-heating","display_name":"local heating","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-field","display_name":"electric field","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taylor-cone","display_name":"Taylor cone","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meniscus","display_name":"meniscus","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-crystallization","display_name":"local crystallization","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-melting","display_name":"local melting","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hillocks","display_name":"hillocks","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-structure","display_name":"line structure","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion","display_name":"diffusion","score":0.46700000762939453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7453272342681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6518042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646","display_name":"Scanning tunneling microscope","level":2,"score":0.7136120796203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77066764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178674","display_name":"Nanometre","level":2,"score":0.5309801697731018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6322943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3294251","display_name":"Hillock","level":2,"score":0.5291320085525513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67649825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196538","display_name":"Microscope","level":2,"score":0.5130265951156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60799052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221","display_name":"Electric field","level":2,"score":0.5067988038063049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15696416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027666","display_name":"Surface diffusion","level":3,"score":0.44684898853302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.4325811266899109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.4186270534992218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3573969006538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.27057355642318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.14105963706970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08682131767272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150394285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254","display_name":"Adsorption","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1116/1.575377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1116/1.575377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1116/1.575377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190837","display_name":"Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Vacuum Surfaces and Films","issn_l":"0734-2101","issn":["0734-2101","1520-8559"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Vacuum Science &amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992113880","https://openalex.org/W2060179800","https://openalex.org/W2069291289","https://openalex.org/W2079954354","https://openalex.org/W2087723989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985352398","https://openalex.org/W1980552781","https://openalex.org/W1981183023","https://openalex.org/W2168691832","https://openalex.org/W1998320650","https://openalex.org/W2094615617","https://openalex.org/W2032634285","https://openalex.org/W187101246","https://openalex.org/W4238096957","https://openalex.org/W2091785965"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ar+":[0],"ion":[1],"milling":[2],"reduces":[3],"the":[4,7,26,54,60,69,79,83,91,94,118,127,130,133,138,141,143,172,175,178,184],"roughness":[5],"of":[6,9,18,56,93,110,117,126,132,183,186],"surface":[8,55,92,176],"a":[10,15,45,51,86,146,150],"glassy":[11,119],"Rh25Zr75":[12],"sample":[13,139],"to":[14,48,107,114,123,149,165],"rms":[16],"value":[17],"<1":[19],"\u00c5":[20],"as":[21,71],"proven":[22],"by":[23,59,68,170],"studies":[24],"with":[25],"scanning":[27],"tunneling":[28],"microscope":[29],"(STM).":[30],"Therefore,":[31],"such":[32],"metallic":[33,57,95],"glasses":[34,58],"provide":[35],"ideal":[36],"substrates":[37],"for":[38],"nanometer-scale":[39,64,154],"structure":[40,155],"fabrication.":[41],"Here":[42],"we":[43],"present":[44],"new":[46],"method":[47],"modify,":[49],"in":[50,78,85,99],"reproducible":[52],"way,":[53],"STM.":[61],"The":[62,73,153,181],"resulting":[63],"structures":[65,169],"are":[66],"shown":[67],"STM":[70,80],"well.":[72],"high":[74,134],"local":[75,115,124],"current":[76],"density":[77],"can":[81,104],"raise":[82],"temperature":[84,100],"very":[87],"small":[88],"volume":[89],"near":[90],"glass.":[96],"An":[97],"increase":[98],"and":[101,140,189],"electric":[102,135],"field":[103,136],"lead":[105],"either":[106],"enhanced":[108],"diffusion":[109],"one":[111],"component":[112],"or":[113,121],"crystallization":[116],"state":[120],"even":[122],"melting":[125],"surface.":[128],"Under":[129],"influence":[131],"between":[137],"tip":[142,173],"fluid":[144],"forms":[145],"meniscus":[147],"similar":[148],"Taylor":[151],"cone.":[152],"is":[156,162,191],"then":[157],"created":[158],"upon":[159],"cooling.":[160],"It":[161],"also":[163],"possible":[164],"similarly":[166],"produce":[167],"line-shaped":[168],"moving":[171],"across":[174],"during":[177],"heating":[179],"process.":[180],"physics":[182],"formation":[185],"these":[187],"hillocks":[188],"lines":[190],"discussed.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
