{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2001697488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josa.50.000362","title":"Diffraction Theory for Images of Disk-Shaped Particles with K\u00f6hler Illumination","display_name":"Diffraction Theory for Images of Disk-Shaped Particles with K\u00f6hler Illumination","publication_year":1960,"publication_date":"1960-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2001697488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josa.50.000362","mag":"2001697488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/josa.50.000362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josa.50.000362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josa.50.000362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189509","display_name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America","issn_l":"0030-3941","issn":["0030-3941","2375-1037"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025735466","display_name":"Harold Osterberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harold Osterberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center, American Optical Company, Southbridge, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center, American Optical Company, Southbridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072286557","display_name":"Luther W. Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luther W. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center, American Optical Company, Southbridge, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center, American Optical Company, Southbridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4612,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91262411,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"4","first_page":"362","last_page":"362"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11897","display_name":"Digital Holography and Microscopy","score":0.5249000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11897","display_name":"Digital Holography and Microscopy","score":0.5249000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11517","display_name":"Advanced optical system design","score":0.1784999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":0.05270000174641609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffraction-theory","display_name":"diffraction theory","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disk-shaped-particles","display_name":"disk-shaped particles","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kohler-illumination","display_name":"K\u00f6hler illumination","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-microscopy","display_name":"optical microscopy","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numerical-aperture","display_name":"numerical aperture","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffraction-integral","display_name":"diffraction integral","score":0.8190000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40833965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6901438","display_name":"Monochromatic color","level":2,"score":0.8675520420074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.8487284779548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780934509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571589","display_name":"Condenser (optics)","level":3,"score":0.7833262085914612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159108749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898896","display_name":"Numerical aperture","level":3,"score":0.7741864919662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.7699830532073975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.6594775319099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.48332667350769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.33442068099975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.22316023707389832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982854487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9128","display_name":"Light source","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1364/josa.50.000362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josa.50.000362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josa.50.000362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189509","display_name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America","issn_l":"0030-3941","issn":["0030-3941","2375-1037"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999558463","https://openalex.org/W2020659217"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999558463","https://openalex.org/W2020659217","https://openalex.org/W2003763913","https://openalex.org/W2054576815","https://openalex.org/W2062902278","https://openalex.org/W1972063027","https://openalex.org/W2034099033","https://openalex.org/W2083925693","https://openalex.org/W1974989893","https://openalex.org/W3124619721"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"distribution":[1],"of":[2,11,21,35,63,78,92],"the":[3,8,18,28,36,54,64,67,75,79,89,93],"time-averaged":[4],"energy":[5],"density":[6],"in":[7,26,40,73],"diffraction":[9,19,55],"image":[10],"thin":[12],"disk-shaped":[13],"particles":[14],"is":[15,30,69,85],"derived":[16],"from":[17],"theory":[20],"optical":[22],"instruments":[23],"for":[24,44,59],"cases":[25,72],"which":[27,74],"particle":[29],"focused":[31],"sharply":[32],"by":[33,49],"objectives":[34],"idealized":[37],"Airy":[38],"type":[39],"a":[41],"microscope":[42],"adjusted":[43],"K\u00f6hler":[45],"illumination":[46],"and":[47],"illuminated":[48],"unpolarized":[50],"monochromatic":[51],"light.":[52],"Whereas":[53],"integrals":[56],"are":[57],"stated":[58],"any":[60],"numerical":[61,76,90],"aperture":[62,77,91],"substage":[65,80],"condenser,":[66],"solution":[68],"restricted":[70],"to":[71,88],"condenser":[81],"or":[82],"illuminating":[83],"system":[84],"set":[86],"equal":[87],"objective.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}