{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2001504483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002826-198512000-00007","title":"Free Level Monitoring of Carbamazepine and Valproic Acid","display_name":"Free Level Monitoring of Carbamazepine and Valproic Acid","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2001504483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002826-198512000-00007","mag":"2001504483","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3935312"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00002826-198512000-00007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002826-198512000-00007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002826-198512000-00007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3349026","display_name":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","issn_l":"0362-5664","issn":["0362-5664","1537-162X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064464261","display_name":"W. Fr\u00f6scher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Fr\u00f6scher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, F.R.G"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, F.R.G","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024986438","display_name":"Wieland Burr","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Burr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, F.R.G"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, F.R.G","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020437624","display_name":"Heinz Penin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Penin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, F.R.G"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, F.R.G","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084541940","display_name":"J. Vohl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Vohl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, F.R.G"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, F.R.G","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005323074","display_name":"Patrick Bulau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7121-2954","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7121-2954"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. B\u00fclau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, F.R.G"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, F.R.G","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030157994","display_name":"K. Kreiten","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Kreiten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, F.R.G"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, F.R.G","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5711,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81929807,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"362","last_page":"371"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10094","display_name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10094","display_name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11036","display_name":"Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12229","display_name":"Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbamazepine","display_name":"carbamazepine","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/valproic-acid","display_name":"valproic acid","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-drug-concentration","display_name":"free drug concentration","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrafiltration","display_name":"ultrafiltration","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiepileptic-drugs","display_name":"antiepileptic drugs","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-drug-levels","display_name":"serum drug concentration","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-drug-concentration","display_name":"total drug concentration","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seizure-reduction","display_name":"seizure reduction","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-drug-reactions","display_name":"adverse drug reactions","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monotherapy","display_name":"monotherapy","score":0.7670000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779253243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410412","display_name":"Carbamazepine","level":3,"score":0.927222728729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777172819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240642","display_name":"Valproic Acid","level":3,"score":0.8213106393814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780272996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261151","display_name":"Therapeutic drug monitoring","level":3,"score":0.7239459156990051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775858608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576618","display_name":"Anticonvulsant","level":3,"score":0.5797805786132812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3454156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144241","display_name":"Side effect (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5778287649154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50817676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7880534","display_name":"Ultrafiltration (renal)","level":2,"score":0.5464833378791809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.5274574756622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781233306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5500236","display_name":"Free fraction","level":3,"score":0.4993307590484619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.4594292640686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.41880717873573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.364432692527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3417564630508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778186239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41571","display_name":"Epilepsy","level":2,"score":0.3080889880657196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112705442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323936","display_name":"Pharmacokinetics","level":2,"score":0.14426454901695251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.12899059057235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002220","descriptor_name":"Carbamazepine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002220","descriptor_name":"Carbamazepine","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002220","descriptor_name":"Carbamazepine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007124","descriptor_name":"Immunoenzyme Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012640","descriptor_name":"Seizures","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014462","descriptor_name":"Ultrafiltration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014635","descriptor_name":"Valproic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014635","descriptor_name":"Valproic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014635","descriptor_name":"Valproic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00002826-198512000-00007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002826-198512000-00007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002826-198512000-00007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3349026","display_name":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","issn_l":"0362-5664","issn":["0362-5664","1537-162X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:3935312","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3935312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical neuropharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066366035","https://openalex.org/W2073122425","https://openalex.org/W1603753457","https://openalex.org/W2385698749","https://openalex.org/W2009157291","https://openalex.org/W2083315966","https://openalex.org/W4248549868","https://openalex.org/W1975260184","https://openalex.org/W2372826778","https://openalex.org/W2000758261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"recently":[1],"available":[2],"ultrafiltration":[3],"technique":[4],"facilitates":[5],"determination":[6],"of":[7,13,22,26],"the":[8,23,49],"free":[9,27,52,70,96],"drug":[10,53],"serum":[11],"concentration":[12,71,81],"several":[14],"antiepileptic":[15],"drugs.":[16],"For":[17],"this":[18,34],"reason":[19],"a":[20,90],"reappraisal":[21],"clinical":[24],"significance":[25],"level":[28],"monitoring":[29],"was":[30],"thought":[31],"necessary.":[32],"In":[33],"study":[35],"on":[36],"203":[37],"patients":[38,44],"receiving":[39,45],"carbamazepine":[40],"monotherapy":[41],"and":[42,51,60,72,82,95],"101":[43],"valproic":[46],"acid":[47],"monotherapy,":[48],"total":[50,80,94],"levels":[54],"were":[55],"correlated":[56],"with":[57],"therapeutic":[58],"outcome":[59],"side":[61,76,85],"effects.":[62,86],"Our":[63],"investigations":[64],"indicated":[65],"no":[66],"closer":[67],"correlation":[68,92],"between":[69,79,93],"seizure":[73],"reduction":[74],"or":[75,84],"effects":[77],"than":[78],"effectiveness":[83],"However,":[87],"we":[88],"found":[89],"close":[91],"concentrations.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
