{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2001129234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(1998110)23:11<975::aid-esp916>3.0.co;2-k","title":"Stacks and notches at Hopewell Rocks, New Brunswick, Canada","display_name":"Stacks and notches at Hopewell Rocks, New Brunswick, Canada","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2001129234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(1998110)23:11<975::aid-esp916>3.0.co;2-k","mag":"2001129234"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(1998110)23:11<975::aid-esp916>3.0.co;2-k","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(1998110)23:11<975::aid-esp916>3.0.co;2-k","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(1998110)23:11<975::aid-esp916>3.0.co;2-k","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92316360","display_name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","issn_l":"0197-9337","issn":["0197-9337","0360-1269","1096-9837","1931-8065"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018181727","display_name":"Alan S. Trenhaile","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. S. Trenhaile","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geography Department, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geography Department, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021918271","display_name":"David A. Pepper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7562-6919","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7562-6919"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. A. Pepper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geography Department, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geography Department, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060373421","display_name":"R. W. Trenhaile","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. W. Trenhaile","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geography Department, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geography Department, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074409011","display_name":"M. Dalimonte","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Dalimonte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geography Department, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geography Department, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018181727"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"apc_list":{"value":5330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5330},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.681,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67152445,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"11","first_page":"975","last_page":"988"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10965","display_name":"Geological formations and processes","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12624","display_name":"Maritime and Coastal Archaeology","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-stacks","display_name":"sea stacks","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notches","display_name":"notches","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bay-of-fundy","display_name":"Bay of Fundy","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tidal-range","display_name":"tidal range","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shore-platforms","display_name":"shore platforms","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rock-resistance","display_name":"rock resistance","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schmidt-hammer","display_name":"Schmidt hammer","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint-planes","display_name":"joint planes","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caves","display_name":"caves","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cliff-erosion","display_name":"cliff erosion","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conglomerate","display_name":"conglomerate","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arkosic-sandstone","display_name":"arkosic sandstone","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coastal-geomorphology","display_name":"coastal geomorphology","score":0.5820000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6516536474227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.5562722086906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16674752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370637","display_name":"Mining engineering","level":1,"score":0.39550602436065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1965285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8008","display_name":"Earth science","level":1,"score":0.37719088792800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.33993011713027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2412932813167572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(1998110)23:11<975::aid-esp916>3.0.co;2-k","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(1998110)23:11<975::aid-esp916>3.0.co;2-k","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(1998110)23:11<975::aid-esp916>3.0.co;2-k","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92316360","display_name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","issn_l":"0197-9337","issn":["0197-9337","0360-1269","1096-9837","1931-8065"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W642843734","https://openalex.org/W1984003050","https://openalex.org/W1996560883","https://openalex.org/W2003369714","https://openalex.org/W2079916625","https://openalex.org/W2153462735","https://openalex.org/W2314476223","https://openalex.org/W2320766141","https://openalex.org/W2335227301","https://openalex.org/W3146049548","https://openalex.org/W4237663120","https://openalex.org/W4388322351","https://openalex.org/W6949787730"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7061686896","https://openalex.org/W2030946682","https://openalex.org/W1151670922","https://openalex.org/W2757647204","https://openalex.org/W7145970140","https://openalex.org/W1979674334","https://openalex.org/W1630217741","https://openalex.org/W7219217510","https://openalex.org/W2042892148","https://openalex.org/W2336087667"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spectacular":[0],"rock":[1,47,57,90],"formations":[2],"have":[3,107],"developed":[4,108],"in":[5,16,27,46,63,67,71,82,109,204],"coarse,":[6],"poorly":[7],"sorted":[8],"conglomerates":[9],"and":[10,66,75,80,123,149,200],"arkosic":[11],"sandstones":[12],"at":[13,103,119,158],"Hopewell":[14,104],"Rocks":[15,105],"the":[17,23,28,34,56,72,89,101,110,120,128,133,142,147,153,155,162,175,193,212,218],"Bay":[18],"of":[19,33,43,88,132,144,152,168,196],"Fundy,":[20],"which":[21],"has":[22],"largest":[24],"tidal":[25,178],"range":[26],"world.":[29],"The":[30,165],"average":[31],"gradient":[32],"shore":[35],"platform":[36,74],"is":[37,58,137,171],"3.2\u00b0,":[38],"although":[39,180],"it":[40],"varies":[41],"because":[42],"slight":[44],"differences":[45],"hardness.":[48],"Schmidt":[49],"Rock":[50],"Test":[51],"Hammer":[52],"measurements":[53],"show":[54],"that":[55,100],"generally":[59],"no":[60,138],"more":[61],"resistant":[62],"16":[64],"stacks":[65,102,213],"one":[68],"stack-arch":[69],"than":[70],"adjacent":[73],"cliff.":[76,219],"Most":[77],"stacks,":[78,154],"arch-tunnels":[79],"caves":[81],"this":[83],"area":[84],"result":[85],"from":[86,217],"dissection":[87],"mass":[91],"along":[92],"prominent,":[93],"well-spaced":[94],"joint":[95],"planes.":[96],"Old":[97],"photographs":[98],"suggest":[99],"may":[106],"last":[111],"100":[112],"to":[113,184],"250":[114],"years.":[115],"Notches":[116],"are":[117,125,157,182],"ubiquitous":[118],"cliff":[121],"foot,":[122],"they":[124],"responsible":[126],"for":[127],"characteristic":[129],"mushroom-shaped":[130],"appearance":[131],"stacks.":[134,197],"Although":[135],"there":[136],"consistent":[139],"relationship":[140],"between":[141],"depth":[143,202],"notches":[145,156,170],"on":[146,161,192],"seaward":[148,163],"landward":[150,194],"sides":[151],"higher":[159],"elevations":[160],"side.":[164],"deepest":[166],"part":[167],"most":[169],"a":[172,205],"little":[173],"below":[174,189],"mean":[176],"high":[177],"level,":[179],"several":[181],"up":[183],"1":[185],"or":[186],"2":[187],"m":[188],"it,":[190],"especially":[191],"side":[195],"Stack":[198],"morphology":[199],"notch":[201],"change":[203],"fairly":[206],"predictable":[207],"manner":[208],"through":[209],"time,":[210],"as":[211],"become":[214],"increasingly":[215],"isolated":[216],"\u00a9":[220],"1998":[221],"John":[222],"Wiley":[223],"&":[224],"Sons,":[225],"Ltd.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
