{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000989929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/nne.0b013e3181c41fa3","title":"Assessing the Quality of Multiple-Choice Test Items","display_name":"Assessing the Quality of Multiple-Choice Test Items","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000989929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/nne.0b013e3181c41fa3","mag":"2000989929","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20010262"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/nne.0b013e3181c41fa3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/nne.0b013e3181c41fa3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/nne.0b013e3181c41fa3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S203226007","display_name":"Nurse Educator","issn_l":"0363-3624","issn":["0363-3624","1538-9855"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nurse Educator","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036266047","display_name":"Sandra L. Clifton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78798822","display_name":"Lourdes University","ror":"https://ror.org/041dv9q58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78798822"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandra L. Clifton","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nursing, Lourdes College, 6832 Convent Blvd, Sylvania, OH 43560, USA. cschriner@lourdes.edu","Ohio"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nursing, Lourdes College, 6832 Convent Blvd, Sylvania, OH 43560, USA. cschriner@lourdes.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78798822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ohio","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025560510","display_name":"Cheryl L. Schriner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399657958","display_name":"ProMedica","ror":"https://ror.org/01k800776","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399657958"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78798822","display_name":"Lourdes University","ror":"https://ror.org/041dv9q58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78798822"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheryl L. Schriner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor (Dr Schriner), School of Nursing, Lourdes College, Sylvania, Ohio","Authors' Affiliations: Patient Care Supervisor (Ms Clifton), ProMedica Health Systems, Toledo, Ohio","Ohio"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor (Dr Schriner), School of Nursing, Lourdes College, Sylvania, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78798822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Authors' Affiliations: Patient Care Supervisor (Ms Clifton), ProMedica Health Systems, Toledo, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4399657958"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ohio","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.8356,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97325824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"1","first_page":"12","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":0.9125999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":0.9125999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.04780000075697899,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13117","display_name":"Health Education and Validation","score":0.020999999716877937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-choice-test-items","display_name":"multiple-choice test items","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-item-quality","display_name":"test item quality","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/item-difficulty","display_name":"item difficulty","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/item-discrimination","display_name":"item discrimination","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing-examinations","display_name":"nursing examinations","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-thinking-assessment","display_name":"critical thinking assessment","score":0.6159999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7309848666191101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.603680431842804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176730311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867668","display_name":"Multiple choice","level":3,"score":0.595118522644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5793497562408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.565369725227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.4656658172607422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6057870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141248","display_name":"Cognitive test","level":3,"score":0.4573362469673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22156102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5341294","display_name":"Educational measurement","level":3,"score":0.4524752199649811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4000142216682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.32093292474746704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27000758051872253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.1358000934123993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.13560065627098083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.07233929634094238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004506","descriptor_name":"Education, Nursing","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004521","descriptor_name":"Educational Measurement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004522","descriptor_name":"Educational Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005181","descriptor_name":"Faculty, Nursing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007722","descriptor_name":"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013338","descriptor_name":"Students, Nursing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013663","descriptor_name":"Teaching","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/nne.0b013e3181c41fa3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/nne.0b013e3181c41fa3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/nne.0b013e3181c41fa3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S203226007","display_name":"Nurse Educator","issn_l":"0363-3624","issn":["0363-3624","1538-9855"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nurse Educator","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20010262","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20010262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nurse educator","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8278999924659729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37468161","https://openalex.org/W45479546","https://openalex.org/W104138972","https://openalex.org/W1596610711","https://openalex.org/W2005430709","https://openalex.org/W2042365510","https://openalex.org/W2048438668","https://openalex.org/W2068732961","https://openalex.org/W2112630006","https://openalex.org/W2133944486","https://openalex.org/W2139001711","https://openalex.org/W2152254142","https://openalex.org/W2152398619","https://openalex.org/W2162821268","https://openalex.org/W2168327886","https://openalex.org/W2322835087","https://openalex.org/W3009515950","https://openalex.org/W4253897753"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006509376","https://openalex.org/W277837238","https://openalex.org/W45479546","https://openalex.org/W2091897869","https://openalex.org/W2109687324","https://openalex.org/W4253897753","https://openalex.org/W2753486495","https://openalex.org/W3201939381","https://openalex.org/W2120240810","https://openalex.org/W2911257857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,34,72],"focus":[2],"of":[3,27,53],"nursing":[4,42],"education":[5],"geared":[6],"toward":[7],"teaching":[8],"students":[9,21],"to":[10,15,22,74],"think":[11],"critically,":[12],"faculty":[13],"need":[14],"assure":[16],"that":[17],"test":[18,38],"items":[19,39,54],"require":[20],"use":[23],"a":[24],"high":[25],"level":[26],"cognitive":[28,48,64],"processing.":[29],"To":[30],"evaluate":[31],"their":[32],"examinations,":[33],"authors":[35],"assessed":[36],"multiple-choice":[37],"on":[40],"final":[41],"examinations.":[43],"The":[44],"assessment":[45],"included":[46],"determining":[47],"learning":[49,65],"levels":[50],"and":[51,67,71],"frequency":[52],"among":[55],"3":[56],"adult":[57],"health":[58],"courses,":[59],"comparing":[60],"difficulty":[61],"values":[62,70],"with":[63],"levels,":[66],"examining":[68],"discrimination":[69],"relationship":[73],"distracter":[75],"performance.":[76]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}