{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000986406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21504857.2014.994647","title":"Fear of a black Spider-Man: racebending and the colour-line in superhero (re)casting","display_name":"Fear of a black Spider-Man: racebending and the colour-line in superhero (re)casting","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000986406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21504857.2014.994647","mag":"2000986406"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/21504857.2014.994647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21504857.2014.994647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21504857.2014.994647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222307","display_name":"Journal of Graphic Novels & Comics","issn_l":"2150-4857","issn":["2150-4857","2150-4865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012860169","display_name":"Albert S. Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6676-3882","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6676-3882"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2132711","display_name":"Kutztown University","ror":"https://ror.org/056veft20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2132711"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Albert S. Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anthropology/Sociology Department, Kutztown University, Kutztown, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anthropology/Sociology Department, Kutztown University, Kutztown, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2132711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012860169"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2132711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.6983,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98898279,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"269","last_page":"283"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12390","display_name":"Comics and Graphic Narratives","score":0.8442000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12390","display_name":"Comics and Graphic Narratives","score":0.8442000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13788","display_name":"Cultural Identity and Representation","score":0.10130000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12912","display_name":"Shakespeare, Adaptation, and Literary Criticism","score":0.01119999960064888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spider-man","display_name":"Spider-Man","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-line","display_name":"color line","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whiteness","display_name":"whiteness","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fandom","display_name":"fandom","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-memes","display_name":"internet memes","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peter-parker","display_name":"Peter Parker","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-representation","display_name":"racial representation","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canon","display_name":"canons","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-characters","display_name":"African American characters","score":0.8169999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6703748106956482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529099274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1004","display_name":"Comics","level":2,"score":0.5696859359741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780181586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966705","display_name":"Spider","level":2,"score":0.5650317668914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.5110993981361389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.49863386154174805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51364203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1563532","display_name":"HERO","level":2,"score":0.47677329182624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103785112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53831","display_name":"Canon","level":2,"score":0.4617116451263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96089941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131265","display_name":"Popular culture","level":2,"score":0.44309911131858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3357793092727661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.3256451487541199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3235589563846588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/21504857.2014.994647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21504857.2014.994647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21504857.2014.994647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222307","display_name":"Journal of Graphic Novels & Comics","issn_l":"2150-4857","issn":["2150-4857","2150-4865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52804665","https://openalex.org/W135944727","https://openalex.org/W141516068","https://openalex.org/W143084549","https://openalex.org/W149267585","https://openalex.org/W576307351","https://openalex.org/W614918193","https://openalex.org/W624976055","https://openalex.org/W1536103245","https://openalex.org/W1542194770","https://openalex.org/W1560420446","https://openalex.org/W1601714811","https://openalex.org/W1749866819","https://openalex.org/W1891462935","https://openalex.org/W1966327997","https://openalex.org/W1966671389","https://openalex.org/W1974834410","https://openalex.org/W1975120692","https://openalex.org/W1981376936","https://openalex.org/W1988987361","https://openalex.org/W1989144841","https://openalex.org/W1992586934","https://openalex.org/W1997248131","https://openalex.org/W1998975378","https://openalex.org/W2005963263","https://openalex.org/W2009929054","https://openalex.org/W2020504618","https://openalex.org/W2021966908","https://openalex.org/W2022543044","https://openalex.org/W2022634340","https://openalex.org/W2033683403","https://openalex.org/W2041957981","https://openalex.org/W2043092908","https://openalex.org/W2059865700","https://openalex.org/W2065850144","https://openalex.org/W2066904448","https://openalex.org/W2070138550","https://openalex.org/W2083596037","https://openalex.org/W2092020941","https://openalex.org/W2099662975","https://openalex.org/W2100776627","https://openalex.org/W2104784103","https://openalex.org/W2114272368","https://openalex.org/W2132686435","https://openalex.org/W2134178647","https://openalex.org/W2134422630","https://openalex.org/W2139831020","https://openalex.org/W2142020279","https://openalex.org/W2142035103","https://openalex.org/W2144548174","https://openalex.org/W2152629049","https://openalex.org/W2160001610","https://openalex.org/W2160675265","https://openalex.org/W2164131660","https://openalex.org/W2166231199","https://openalex.org/W2170155769","https://openalex.org/W2332309372","https://openalex.org/W2370792130","https://openalex.org/W2398604590","https://openalex.org/W2400212938","https://openalex.org/W2486925815","https://openalex.org/W2797392150","https://openalex.org/W2888937404","https://openalex.org/W3048072482","https://openalex.org/W3208188419","https://openalex.org/W4205601696","https://openalex.org/W4230391011","https://openalex.org/W4232070085","https://openalex.org/W4233660480","https://openalex.org/W4237210084","https://openalex.org/W4239571720","https://openalex.org/W4239954700","https://openalex.org/W4243061445","https://openalex.org/W4247340460","https://openalex.org/W4255695306","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4319981127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014951376","https://openalex.org/W3043160529","https://openalex.org/W2973119546","https://openalex.org/W1560420446","https://openalex.org/W4231171778","https://openalex.org/W7009931787","https://openalex.org/W4406731109","https://openalex.org/W1516615114","https://openalex.org/W4232721139","https://openalex.org/W1979634494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"tackles":[2],"the":[3,11,18,30,34,71,77,83,88],"way":[4,72],"in":[5,10,70,73],"which":[6,74],"fans":[7,53,75],"legitimise":[8,76],"\u2018whiteness\u2019":[9],"pantheon":[12],"of":[13,36,42,80,85,92,100],"American":[14],"fictional":[15,94],"heroes.":[16],"Using":[17],"2010":[19],"internet":[20],"meme":[21],"calling":[22],"for":[23],"an":[24],"African-American":[25,45],"actor":[26],"be":[27],"cast":[28],"as":[29,102],"next":[31],"Spider-Man,":[32],"and":[33,44,57,61,97],"replacement":[35],"Peter":[37,55],"Parker":[38,56],"with":[39],"a":[40,93,103],"character":[41],"Hispanic":[43],"descent,":[46],"I":[47,67],"examine":[48],"online":[49],"arguments":[50],"made":[51],"by":[52],"that":[54],"Spider-Man":[58,101],"have":[59],"been":[60],"therefore":[62],"should":[63],"remain":[64],"white.":[65],"Specifically,":[66],"am":[68],"interested":[69],"\u2018casting\u2019":[78],"choices":[79],"characters":[81],"through":[82],"use":[84],"canon":[86],"\u2013":[87,96],"officially":[89],"recognised":[90],"history":[91],"universe":[95],"dominant":[98],"characterisations":[99],"hero.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}