{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000929066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.80.9.823","title":"Euphorbia sap keratopathy: four cases and a possible pathogenic mechanism.","display_name":"Euphorbia sap keratopathy: four cases and a possible pathogenic mechanism.","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000929066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.80.9.823","mag":"2000929066","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8942380","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/505620"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bjo.80.9.823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.80.9.823","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.80.9.823","pdf_url":"https://bjo.bmj.com/content/bjophthalmol/80/9/823.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79587146","display_name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","issn_l":"0007-1161","issn":["0007-1161","1468-2079"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://bjo.bmj.com/content/bjophthalmol/80/9/823.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077460225","display_name":"Ingrid Ursula Scott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3908-7153","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3908-7153"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I U Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33139, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077080693","display_name":"Carol L. Karp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6452-7181","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6452-7181"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C L Karp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33139, USA","University of Miami,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Miami,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4724,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62738913,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"80","issue":"9","first_page":"823","last_page":"826"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13467","display_name":"Drug-Induced Ocular Toxicity","score":0.3303000032901764,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13467","display_name":"Drug-Induced Ocular Toxicity","score":0.3303000032901764,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10997","display_name":"Ocular Surface and Contact Lens","score":0.20919999480247498,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11867","display_name":"Traumatic Ocular and Foreign Body Injuries","score":0.1770000010728836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keratoconjunctivitis","display_name":"keratoconjunctivitis","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticancer-activity","display_name":"anticancer activity","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-protection","display_name":"eye protection","score":0.621999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779880300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146567","display_name":"Euphorbia","level":2,"score":0.9499997496604919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7869427800178528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780590625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281289","display_name":"Photophobia","level":2,"score":0.7191019058227539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910275740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628473","display_name":"Corneal ulceration","level":3,"score":0.6695682406425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779047212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156584","display_name":"Euphorbiaceae","level":2,"score":0.5944128632545471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909399601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168291","display_name":"Corneal Diseases","level":3,"score":0.5347615480422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778064476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1623006","display_name":"Keratoconjunctivitis","level":2,"score":0.51654452085495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776882836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168291","display_name":"Cornea","level":2,"score":0.5028490424156189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.4950977861881256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776702029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628473","display_name":"corneal ulcer","level":3,"score":0.4602273106575012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780886150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152234","display_name":"Edema","level":2,"score":0.4106173515319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.36600378155708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.3456001281738281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.18886539340019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.18026742339134216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.14697769284248352}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007637","descriptor_name":"Keratoconjunctivitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010936","descriptor_name":"Plant Extracts","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014792","descriptor_name":"Visual Acuity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/bjo.80.9.823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.80.9.823","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.80.9.823","pdf_url":"https://bjo.bmj.com/content/bjophthalmol/80/9/823.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79587146","display_name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","issn_l":"0007-1161","issn":["0007-1161","1468-2079"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:975963","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/505620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:505620","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/505620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Br J Ophthalmol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:8942380","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8942380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The British journal of ophthalmology","raw_type":"Case Reports"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:bjophthalmol:80/9/823","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bjo.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/80/9/823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"},{"id":"mag:2187291219","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bjo.bmj.com/content/80/9/823.full.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bjo.80.9.823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.80.9.823","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.80.9.823","pdf_url":"https://bjo.bmj.com/content/bjophthalmol/80/9/823.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79587146","display_name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","issn_l":"0007-1161","issn":["0007-1161","1468-2079"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/case-report","display_name":"Case Report"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000929066.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000929066.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25353329","https://openalex.org/W365713858","https://openalex.org/W1535207151","https://openalex.org/W1981697891","https://openalex.org/W1993458330","https://openalex.org/W1999438843","https://openalex.org/W2006943528","https://openalex.org/W2039936932","https://openalex.org/W2068903206","https://openalex.org/W2085104464","https://openalex.org/W2139587688","https://openalex.org/W2434072856","https://openalex.org/W3145232620","https://openalex.org/W4238989501","https://openalex.org/W4254735660","https://openalex.org/W6631507586","https://openalex.org/W7000739484"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1579369816","https://openalex.org/W1970003330","https://openalex.org/W2030342552","https://openalex.org/W2030617695","https://openalex.org/W1994385765","https://openalex.org/W4400760406","https://openalex.org/W2088643868","https://openalex.org/W2048863764","https://openalex.org/W3197828587","https://openalex.org/W144184038"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AIMS:":[0],"To":[1],"report":[2],"four":[3,16],"cases":[4],"of":[5,15,36,105,176],"Euphorbia":[6,21,47,110,127,138,177],"sap":[7,22,48,111,139],"causing":[8],"anterior":[9,140],"segment":[10,141],"toxicity.":[11],"METHODS:":[12],"Medical":[13],"records":[14],"patients":[17,38,52,65],"who":[18,124],"presented":[19],"with":[20,30,46,69,84,126,137],"keratoconjunctivitis":[23],"were":[24,28,82,98],"reviewed.":[25],"Clinical":[26],"findings":[27],"compared":[29],"previously":[31],"published":[32],"reports.":[33],"RESULTS:":[34],"All":[35],"these":[37],"experienced":[39,66],"a":[40,90,113],"similar":[41],"clinical":[42],"course.":[43],"Initial":[44],"contact":[45,92],"caused":[49],"punctate":[50],"epitheliopathy;":[51],"noted":[53],"immediate":[54],"burning":[55],"and":[56,94,164],"photophobia,":[57],"but":[58,152],"no":[59],"visual":[60,96,154],"loss.":[61],"In":[62],"all":[63,101],"cases,":[64],"epithelial":[67,79,162,167],"slough":[68],"delayed":[70,165],"healing,":[71],"requiring":[72],"approximately":[73],"9":[74],"days":[75],"to":[76,132,172],"heal":[77],"the":[78,106,173],"defect.":[80],"Patients":[81,136],"treated":[83],"topical":[85],"antibiotics,":[86],"pressure":[87],"patching":[88],"or":[89],"bandage":[91],"lens,":[93],"final":[95],"acuities":[97],"excellent":[99],"in":[100,120],"cases.":[102],"A":[103],"review":[104],"literature":[107],"revealed":[108],"that":[109,146,153],"contains":[112],"diterpenoid":[114],"diester":[115],"which":[116],"exhibits":[117],"antineoplastic":[118,174],"activity":[119],"rodents.":[121],"CONCLUSIONS:":[122],"Individuals":[123],"work":[125],"plants":[128],"should":[129,143],"be":[130,144,170],"cautioned":[131],"wear":[133],"eye":[134],"protection.":[135],"toxicity":[142],"informed":[145],"their":[147],"condition":[148],"may":[149,169],"worsen":[150],"initially,":[151],"outcome":[155],"is":[156],"generally":[157],"excellent.":[158],"The":[159],"progressive":[160],"corneal":[161,166],"sloughing":[163],"healing":[168],"secondary":[171],"effects":[175],"sap.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}