{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000915963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1631580","title":"Bayesian Surrogates Applied to Conceptual Stages of the Engineering Design Process","display_name":"Bayesian Surrogates Applied to Conceptual Stages of the Engineering Design Process","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000915963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1631580","mag":"2000915963"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1115/1.1631580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1631580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1631580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88457320","display_name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","issn_l":"0161-8458","issn":["0161-8458","1050-0472","1528-9001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321320","host_organization_name":"American Society of Mechanical Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321320"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Mechanical Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091586999","display_name":"Jorge E. Pacheco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7624-8647","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7624-8647"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge E. Pacheco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Complex Engineered Systems, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Complex Engineered Systems, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089189620","display_name":"Cristina H. Amon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4314-8120","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4314-8120"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristina H. Amon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Engineered Systems, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Engineered Systems, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058303354","display_name":"Susan Finger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5950-353X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5950-353X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan Finger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil & Environmental Engineering and Institute for Complex Engineered Systems, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil & Environmental Engineering and Institute for Complex Engineered Systems, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0407,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95605905,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"125","issue":"4","first_page":"664","last_page":"672"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.8008000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.8008000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.12849999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12814","display_name":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","score":0.034699998795986176,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-design","display_name":"conceptual design","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-design","display_name":"thermal design","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computers","display_name":"wearable computers","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer","display_name":"heat transfer","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-process-stages","display_name":"design process stages","score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-refinement","display_name":"model refinement","score":0.36899998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120208923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158435","display_name":"Conceptual design","level":2,"score":0.673966646194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131675550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7646884","display_name":"Surrogate model","level":2,"score":0.662030816078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34972735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920267","display_name":"Engineering design process","level":2,"score":0.6506990194320679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6082404851913452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154205457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2148377","display_name":"Probabilistic design","level":3,"score":0.6070390939712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.5480459332466125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5350900888442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48262172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16908765","display_name":"Design process","level":3,"score":0.5086782574653625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.4506150484085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184408114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502022","display_name":"Generative Design","level":3,"score":0.42485561966896057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.37152689695358276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.24981486797332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2301272451877594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.1764679253101349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09747955203056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1115/1.1631580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1631580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1631580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88457320","display_name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","issn_l":"0161-8458","issn":["0161-8458","1050-0472","1528-9001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321320","host_organization_name":"American Society of Mechanical Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321320"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Mechanical Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310365","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1590831415","https://openalex.org/W1972757038","https://openalex.org/W1980435942","https://openalex.org/W1981347877","https://openalex.org/W2000836282","https://openalex.org/W2001842014","https://openalex.org/W2018044188","https://openalex.org/W2024697317","https://openalex.org/W2034374737","https://openalex.org/W2045482459","https://openalex.org/W2092262344","https://openalex.org/W2103407737","https://openalex.org/W2133671888","https://openalex.org/W2142635246","https://openalex.org/W2143022286","https://openalex.org/W2145475762","https://openalex.org/W2890351024","https://openalex.org/W3114767721","https://openalex.org/W3128881557","https://openalex.org/W4214871172"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3100954074","https://openalex.org/W2091869795","https://openalex.org/W2045217401","https://openalex.org/W2532594995","https://openalex.org/W1981347877","https://openalex.org/W2403234360","https://openalex.org/W1556270087","https://openalex.org/W2983440239","https://openalex.org/W2053870772","https://openalex.org/W1595797227"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,11,37,41,63,66,77,107,114,123,148,151,165,169,172],"conceptual":[2,108],"design":[3,14,42,67,109,156,173],"stages,":[4],"designers":[5,24,45],"often":[6],"have":[7],"incomplete":[8],"knowledge":[9],"about":[10],"interactions":[12],"among":[13,171],"parameters.":[15,174],"We":[16,121,145],"are":[17,58,94,116],"developing":[18],"a":[19,48,54,99,119,126,131,154],"methodology":[20,124,152],"that":[21,34],"will":[22],"enable":[23],"to":[25,36,141,167],"create":[26,47],"models":[27],"with":[28,135],"levels":[29],"of":[30,40,89,150],"detail":[31],"and":[32,60,69,85,130],"accuracy":[33],"correspond":[35],"current":[38],"state":[39],"process.":[43],"Thus,":[44],"can":[46],"rough":[49],"surrogate":[50,162],"model":[51,64,163],"when":[52,80,86,111],"only":[53],"few":[55,87],"data":[56],"points":[57],"available":[59,84,118],"then":[61,146],"refine":[62],"as":[65],"progresses":[68],"more":[70],"information":[71,82],"becomes":[72],"available.":[73],"These":[74],"surrogates":[75,105],"represent":[76],"system":[78],"response":[79,115],"limited":[81],"is":[83],"realizations":[88],"experiments":[90],"or":[91],"numerical":[92],"simulations":[93],"possible.":[95],"This":[96],"paper":[97],"presents":[98],"covariance-based":[100],"approach":[101],"for":[102,113,158],"building":[103],"multistage":[104],"in":[106,139,153],"stages":[110],"bounds":[112],"not":[117],"priori.":[120],"test":[122],"using":[125],"one-dimensional":[127],"analytical":[128,137],"function":[129],"heat":[132],"transfer":[133],"problem":[134,157],"an":[136],"solution,":[138],"order":[140],"obtain":[142],"error":[143],"measurements.":[144],"illustrate":[147],"use":[149],"thermal":[155],"wearable":[159],"computers.":[160],"The":[161],"enables":[164],"designer":[166],"understand":[168],"relationships":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-02T10:15:12.560889","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}