{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000902756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-200308000-00008","title":"Gender Differences in Service Connection for PTSD","display_name":"Gender Differences in Service Connection for PTSD","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000902756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-200308000-00008","mag":"2000902756","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12886174"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00005650-200308000-00008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-200308000-00008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-200308000-00008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79233773","display_name":"Medical Care","issn_l":"0025-7079","issn":["0025-7079","1537-1948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-3","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078801213","display_name":"Maureen Murdoch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8674-382X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8674-382X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140408","display_name":"Minneapolis VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/032b8d361","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210117246","https://openalex.org/I4210117924","https://openalex.org/I4210140408"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maureen Murdoch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research and Section of General Internal Medicine, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis Minnesota 55417, USA. murdo002@tc.umn.edu","Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research and Section of General Internal Medicine, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis Minnesota 55417, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research and Section of General Internal Medicine, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis Minnesota 55417, USA. murdo002@tc.umn.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I4210140408"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research and Section of General Internal Medicine, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis Minnesota 55417, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I4210140408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028016335","display_name":"James S. Hodges","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7467-6941","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7467-6941"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Hodges","raw_affiliation_strings":["the Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota","University of Minnesota Twin Cities"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota Twin Cities","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Carolyn Hunt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322918889","display_name":"United States Department of Veterans Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05rsv9s98","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolyn Hunt","raw_affiliation_strings":["the","Veterans Benefits Administration"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Veterans Benefits Administration","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071648382","display_name":"Diane C. Cowper","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802230104","display_name":"Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02223wv31","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I2802230104","https://openalex.org/I4210115976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089489","display_name":"Health Services Research & Development","ror":"https://ror.org/0083hz885","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210089489"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118777","display_name":"North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/02r7md321","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210118777","https://openalex.org/I4210119004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diane Cowper","raw_affiliation_strings":["the Rehabilitation Outcomes Research Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, Florida; formerly of VA Information Resource Center (VIReC), Midwest Center for Health Services and Policy Research (a VA HSR&D National Center of Excellence), Edward J. Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines Illinois, and Institute for Health Services Research and Policy Studies, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois","Northwestern University","VA Medical Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Rehabilitation Outcomes Research Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, Florida; formerly of VA Information Resource Center (VIReC), Midwest Center for Health Services and Policy Research (a VA HSR&D National Center of Excellence), Edward J. Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines Illinois, and Institute for Health Services Research and Policy Studies, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I2802230104","https://openalex.org/I4210089489","https://openalex.org/I4210118777"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VA Medical Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082662444","display_name":"Nancy R. Kressin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2767-4286","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2767-4286"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800300635","display_name":"Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/015nymp25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I2800300635","https://openalex.org/I4210095851"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089489","display_name":"Health Services Research & Development","ror":"https://ror.org/0083hz885","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210089489"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nancy Kressin","raw_affiliation_strings":["the Center for Health Quality, Outcomes and Economic Research (a VA HSR&D National Center of Excellence), Bedford VA Medical Center. Bedford, Massachusetts, and Health Service Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts","Boston University","VA Medical Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Center for Health Quality, Outcomes and Economic Research (a VA HSR&D National Center of Excellence), Bedford VA Medical Center. Bedford, Massachusetts, and Health Service Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046","https://openalex.org/I2800300635","https://openalex.org/I4210089489"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VA Medical Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nancy O\u02bcBrien","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322918889","display_name":"United States Department of Veterans Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05rsv9s98","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nancy O\u02bcBrien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Veterans Affairs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Veterans Affairs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078801213"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I4210140408"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0783,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9271986,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"8","first_page":"950","last_page":"961"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14136","display_name":"Education and Military Integration","score":0.022199999541044235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10762","display_name":"Migration, Health and Trauma","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posttraumatic-stress-disorder","display_name":"post-traumatic stress disorder","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-connections","display_name":"service connections","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-veterans","display_name":"women veterans","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/department-of-veterans-affairs","display_name":"Department of Veterans Affairs","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability-benefits","display_name":"disability benefits","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combat-exposure","display_name":"combat exposure","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-disability","display_name":"psychiatric disability","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symptom-severity","display_name":"symptom severity","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-disability","display_name":"functional disability","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-bias","display_name":"gender bias","score":0.593999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775969662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7923600","display_name":"Veterans Affairs","level":2,"score":0.6564154624938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.5299034118652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5192911028862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776948989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209572","display_name":"Military service","level":2,"score":0.505148708820343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993918154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12131","display_name":"Functional impairment","level":2,"score":0.49163419008255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4509708881378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.4142780900001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3661976456642151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3441426753997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003130","descriptor_name":"Combat Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006787","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Veterans","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011897","descriptor_name":"Random Allocation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014493","descriptor_name":"United States Department of Veterans Affairs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014728","descriptor_name":"Veterans","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014728","descriptor_name":"Veterans","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014729","descriptor_name":"Veterans Disability Claims","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00005650-200308000-00008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-200308000-00008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-200308000-00008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79233773","display_name":"Medical Care","issn_l":"0025-7079","issn":["0025-7079","1537-1948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-3","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12886174","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12886174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical care","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.7307999730110168,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.6025999784469604,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10198202","https://openalex.org/W45227768","https://openalex.org/W109758924","https://openalex.org/W137227234","https://openalex.org/W171228341","https://openalex.org/W595712638","https://openalex.org/W1491087240","https://openalex.org/W1509807135","https://openalex.org/W1637385998","https://openalex.org/W1722311396","https://openalex.org/W1740339172","https://openalex.org/W1756261590","https://openalex.org/W1854785120","https://openalex.org/W1919106491","https://openalex.org/W1984021935","https://openalex.org/W1994482575","https://openalex.org/W1994766131","https://openalex.org/W1995452634","https://openalex.org/W1997932742","https://openalex.org/W1998250186","https://openalex.org/W2000445173","https://openalex.org/W2001153939","https://openalex.org/W2004139274","https://openalex.org/W2004849180","https://openalex.org/W2005144817","https://openalex.org/W2008555179","https://openalex.org/W2012981141","https://openalex.org/W2014662604","https://openalex.org/W2017657797","https://openalex.org/W2017800672","https://openalex.org/W2020165263","https://openalex.org/W2022581863","https://openalex.org/W2024841545","https://openalex.org/W2028422677","https://openalex.org/W2032718501","https://openalex.org/W2035065951","https://openalex.org/W2040190041","https://openalex.org/W2062907828","https://openalex.org/W2068909672","https://openalex.org/W2072595271","https://openalex.org/W2073089151","https://openalex.org/W2075391944","https://openalex.org/W2077168735","https://openalex.org/W2080018656","https://openalex.org/W2080981386","https://openalex.org/W2085573336","https://openalex.org/W2088618701","https://openalex.org/W2089890051","https://openalex.org/W2090827591","https://openalex.org/W2092534401","https://openalex.org/W2098225712","https://openalex.org/W2099958888","https://openalex.org/W2101702473","https://openalex.org/W2102824190","https://openalex.org/W2109763751","https://openalex.org/W2114214919","https://openalex.org/W2114828093","https://openalex.org/W2115043481","https://openalex.org/W2116341527","https://openalex.org/W2123445863","https://openalex.org/W2124527855","https://openalex.org/W2129168200","https://openalex.org/W2131159343","https://openalex.org/W2133033041","https://openalex.org/W2133442278","https://openalex.org/W2137688434","https://openalex.org/W2140594127","https://openalex.org/W2149296973","https://openalex.org/W2150247289","https://openalex.org/W2159011576","https://openalex.org/W2159781269","https://openalex.org/W2165610156","https://openalex.org/W2170565299","https://openalex.org/W2240569188","https://openalex.org/W2245766753","https://openalex.org/W2248604067","https://openalex.org/W2265663961","https://openalex.org/W2279940357","https://openalex.org/W2301890167","https://openalex.org/W2332701021","https://openalex.org/W2338826713","https://openalex.org/W2426550277","https://openalex.org/W3035924821","https://openalex.org/W3161626897","https://openalex.org/W4237008282"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4406687045","https://openalex.org/W2132098686","https://openalex.org/W2032718501","https://openalex.org/W4392653514","https://openalex.org/W3131603629","https://openalex.org/W3008225940","https://openalex.org/W3562844","https://openalex.org/W6957924622","https://openalex.org/W2088818536","https://openalex.org/W4409174410"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Mentally":[1],"ill":[2,21],"female":[3],"veterans":[4,23,42,125,147],"obtain":[5],"a":[6,137,231,244],"smaller":[7],"proportion":[8],"of":[9,14,75,119,140,145,158,190,196,230,243,253],"their":[10],"care":[11],"from":[12],"Department":[13],"Veterans":[15],"Affairs":[16],"(VA)":[17],"facilities":[18],"than":[19,31],"mentally":[20],"male":[22],"do,":[24],"possibly":[25],"because":[26],"women":[27,206],"are":[28,70],"less":[29],"likely":[30],"men":[32,202],"to":[33,48,86,94,110,135],"be":[34,92,217],"service":[35,76,159,197,238],"connected":[36],"for":[37,58,78,130,161,171,187,201,205,209,236],"psychiatric":[38],"disabilities.":[39],"\"Service":[40],"connected\"":[41],"have":[43],"documented,":[44],"compensative":[45],"conditions":[46],"related":[47],"or":[49,103,176,224],"aggravated":[50],"by":[51,219],"military":[52],"service,":[53],"and":[54,203,259],"they":[55],"receive":[56],"priority":[57],"enrollment":[59],"into":[60],"the":[61,120],"VA":[62,127],"healthcare":[63],"system.":[64],"OBJECTIVES:":[65],"To":[66],"see":[67,87],"if":[68,84,88],"there":[69],"gender":[71,138,232],"discrepancies":[72,90],"in":[73,100,234],"rates":[74,189,195],"connection":[77,160,198],"posttraumatic":[79],"stress":[80],"disorder":[81],"(PTSD)":[82],"and,":[83],"so,":[85],"these":[89],"could":[91,215],"attributed":[93],"appropriate":[95],"subject":[96],"characteristics":[97],"(eg,":[98],"differences":[99],"symptom":[101,174],"severity":[102,175],"impairment).":[104],"RESEARCH":[105],"DESIGN:":[106],"Mailed":[107],"survey":[108],"linked":[109],"administrative":[111],"data.":[112],"Claims":[113],"audits":[114],"were":[115,133,199],"conducted":[116],"on":[117],"11%":[118],"sample.":[121],"SUBJECTS:":[122],"Randomly":[123],"selected":[124],"seeking":[126],"disability":[128],"benefits":[129],"PTSD.":[131],"Women":[132],"oversampled":[134],"achieve":[136],"ratio":[139],"1:1.":[141],"RESULTS:":[142],"A":[143],"total":[144],"3337":[146],"returned":[148],"usable":[149],"surveys":[150],"(effective":[151],"response":[152],"rate,":[153],"68%).":[154],"Men's":[155],"unadjusted":[156],"rate":[157],"PTSD":[162,173,222,237],"was":[163],"71%;":[164],"women's,":[165],"52%":[166],"(P":[167],"<":[168],"0.0001).":[169],"Adjustment":[170],"veterans'":[172],"functional":[177,226],"impairment":[178],"did":[179],"not":[180,216],"appreciably":[181],"reduce":[182],"this":[183,254],"discrepancy,":[184],"but":[185],"adjustment":[186],"dissimilar":[188],"combat":[191,210,213,245],"exposure":[192],"did.":[193],"Estimated":[194],"53%":[200],"56%":[204],"after":[207],"adjusting":[208],"exposure.":[211],"This":[212],"preference":[214],"explained":[218],"more":[220],"severe":[221],"symptoms":[223],"greater":[225],"impairment.":[227],"CONCLUSIONS:":[228],"Instead":[229],"bias":[233],"awards":[235],"connection,":[239],"we":[240],"found":[241],"evidence":[242],"advantage":[246,256],"that":[247],"disproportionately":[248],"favored":[249],"men.":[250],"The":[251],"appropriateness":[252],"apparent":[255],"is":[257],"unclear":[258],"needs":[260],"further":[261],"investigation.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}