{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000890188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200205001-00123","title":"SEASONAL EVALUATION OF BODY COMPOSITION AND FITNESS PARAMETERS IN FEMALE COLLEGLATE GYMNASTS","display_name":"SEASONAL EVALUATION OF BODY COMPOSITION AND FITNESS PARAMETERS IN FEMALE COLLEGLATE GYMNASTS","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000890188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200205001-00123","mag":"2000890188"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00005768-200205001-00123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200205001-00123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200205001-00123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14544163","display_name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","issn_l":"0195-9131","issn":["0195-9131","1530-0315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007321595","display_name":"Paul S. Visich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4142-2050","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4142-2050"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1629065","display_name":"Central Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xawj266","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P S. Visich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032984478","display_name":"Brian M. Tyo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1629065","display_name":"Central Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xawj266","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B M. Tyo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073727510","display_name":"Peter V. Loubert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1629065","display_name":"Central Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xawj266","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P V. Loubert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17764566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"5","first_page":"S22","last_page":"S22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.7949000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.7949000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13359","display_name":"Sports Science and Education","score":0.09120000153779984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13189","display_name":"Physical Education and Training Studies","score":0.06080000102519989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gymnastics","display_name":"gymnastics","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-gymnasts","display_name":"female gymnasts","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-composition","display_name":"body composition","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-variation","display_name":"seasonal variation","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiorespiratory-fitness","display_name":"cardiorespiratory fitness","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anaerobic-power","display_name":"anaerobic power","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anaerobic-capacity","display_name":"anaerobic capacity","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wingate-test","display_name":"Wingate test","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bosco-test","display_name":"Bosco test","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lean-body-mass","display_name":"lean body mass","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-fat","display_name":"fat mass","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-protocols","display_name":"training protocols","score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition-season","display_name":"competition season","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collegiate-athletes","display_name":"collegiate athletes","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-fitness","display_name":"physical fitness","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrostatic-weighing","display_name":"hydrostatic weighing","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycle-ergometry","display_name":"cycle ergometry","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences-in-physical-fitness","display_name":"sex differences in physical fitness","score":0.3019999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.6419784426689148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00005768-200205001-00123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200205001-00123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200205001-00123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14544163","display_name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","issn_l":"0195-9131","issn":["0195-9131","1530-0315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.5199999809265137}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3042084924","https://openalex.org/W4415985688","https://openalex.org/W2624913520","https://openalex.org/W2335957372","https://openalex.org/W1963715538","https://openalex.org/W2033226807","https://openalex.org/W4387061912","https://openalex.org/W3016842319","https://openalex.org/W2791713641","https://openalex.org/W2023147087"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Based":[0],"on":[1],"the":[2,10,47,103,214,219,242,267,275,278,287,299,332,364,369,379,409],"different":[3,43],"training":[4,390],"regimens":[5],"that":[6,368,389],"take":[7],"place":[8],"throughout":[9,46,274],"gymnastics":[11,334],"season,":[12,276,335],"we":[13],"were":[14,20,76,262,371],"interested":[15],"in":[16,23,37,209,266,351,356,403],"seeing":[17],"if":[18],"there":[19],"seasonal":[21],"variations":[22],"specific":[24],"fitness":[25,211],"parameters.":[26],"PURPOSE:":[27],"To":[28],"evaluate":[29],"aerobic":[30,210],"capacity,":[31],"anaerobic":[32,80,271,280,406],"power/capacity":[33],"and":[34,65,71,89,115,122,134,149,157,167,182,190,200,236,259,269,316,325,354,411,414],"body":[35,106,140,173,343,352,358],"composition":[36,51],"female":[38,96,339],"Division":[39,337],"1":[40],"gymnasts":[41,97,340],"at":[42,289],"time":[44,291],"intervals":[45],"season.":[48,215],"METHODS:":[49],"Body":[50],"was":[52,59,108,126,142,161,175,194,206,222,245,283,302,320],"evaluated":[53],"using":[54,61],"hydrostatic":[55],"weighing.":[56],"Aerobic":[57],"capacity":[58,297,361],"measured":[60],"a":[62,346,349,375],"bicycle":[63],"ergometer":[64],"metabolic":[66],"gas":[67],"analysis.":[68],"The":[69],"Wingate":[70,220,268,288,300,365,410],"Bosco":[72,243,270,279,412],"30":[73],"second":[74],"tests":[75,273],"used":[77],"to":[78,373,401],"measure":[79],"fitness.":[81],"Sample":[82],"times":[83],"included":[84],"pre-training":[85],"(PT),":[86],"pre-competition":[87],"(PC)":[88],"end":[90],"of":[91,348,405],"season":[92,380],"(ES).":[93],"RESULTS:":[94],"Thirteen":[95],"(20.8":[98],"\u00b1":[99,110,113,117,144,147,151,177,180,184,224,227,230,247,250,253,304,307,310],"1.0":[100,231],"years)":[101],"completed":[102],"study.":[104],"Percent":[105],"fat":[107],"19.1":[109],"4.7,":[111],"15.5":[112],"1.2,":[114],"15.6":[116],"1.8%":[118],"for":[119,154,187,218,233,241,256,298,313],"PT,":[120,155,188,234,257,314],"PC":[121,130,156,166,199,258,324],"ES,":[123,158,191,317],"respectively.":[124,192,238,318],"Pre-training":[125,160,193,319],"significantly":[127,162,195,284,321,387],"greater":[128,163,285],"from":[129,164,197,323],"(p":[131,136,169,202,293,327],"<":[132,137,170,203,294,328],"0.01)":[133],"ES":[135,168,201,237,326],"0.05).":[138,171],"Fat":[139],"mass":[141,174],"22.5":[143],"5.8,":[145],"18.4":[146],"1.7,":[148],"18.6":[150],"2.1":[152],"lbs.":[153,186],"respectively":[159],"both":[165,198],"Lean":[172],"95.0":[176],"8.6,":[178],"100.7":[179],"8.5,":[181],"101.1":[183],"9.4":[185],"PC,":[189,235,315],"less":[196,322],"0.00).":[204,295],"There":[205,261],"no":[207,263],"difference":[208],"through":[212,345],"out":[213],"Anaerobic":[216,239,296,360,382],"power":[217,240,272,281,383,396,407],"test":[221,244,282,301,366,413],"9.9":[223],"1.5,":[225],"10.2":[226],"1.8,":[228],"10.6":[229],"W/kg":[232,255,312],"15.2":[246],"1.9,":[248],"14.2":[249],"2.2,":[251],"15.0":[252],"2.7":[254],"ES.":[260],"significant":[264],"differences":[265,399],"however":[277],"than":[286],"all":[290],"points":[292],"6.6":[303],"0.8,":[305,308],"7.4":[306,309],"0.6":[311],"0.01).":[329],"CONCLUSION:":[330],"Throughout":[331],"normal":[333],"these":[336],"I":[338],"maintained":[341],"their":[342],"weight":[344],"combination":[347],"reduction":[350],"fat,":[353],"increase":[355],"lean":[357],"mass.":[359],"increased":[362],"with":[363],"suggesting":[367,388],"athletes":[370],"able":[372],"maintain":[374],"higher":[376],"workload":[377],"as":[378],"progressed.":[381],"did":[384,391],"not":[385,392],"change":[386],"hinder":[393],"or":[394],"enhance":[395],"performance.":[397],"Lastly,":[398],"appear":[400],"exist":[402],"determination":[404],"between":[408],"require":[415],"further":[416],"understanding.":[417]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}