{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000884295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.1995.1547","title":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope V1 and V2 Regions Influence Replication Efficiency in Macrophages by Affecting Virus Spread","display_name":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope V1 and V2 Regions Influence Replication Efficiency in Macrophages by Affecting Virus Spread","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000884295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.1995.1547","mag":"2000884295","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7483281"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1006/viro.1995.1547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.1995.1547","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.1995.1547","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6147291","display_name":"Virology","issn_l":"0042-6822","issn":["0042-6822","1089-862X","1096-0341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.1995.1547","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087465103","display_name":"Kathy L. Toohey-Kurth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6212-3263","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6212-3263"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287673","display_name":"Rocky Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/05v7g7w67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534","https://openalex.org/I4405287673"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathy Toohey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana 59840, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana 59840, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134534","https://openalex.org/I4405287673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034447009","display_name":"K Wehrly","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287673","display_name":"Rocky Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/05v7g7w67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534","https://openalex.org/I4405287673"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathy Wehrly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana 59840"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana 59840","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134534","https://openalex.org/I4405287673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018936420","display_name":"Jane Nishio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287673","display_name":"Rocky Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/05v7g7w67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534","https://openalex.org/I4405287673"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jane Nishio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana 59840"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana 59840","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134534","https://openalex.org/I4405287673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050704474","display_name":"S Perryman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287673","display_name":"Rocky Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/05v7g7w67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534","https://openalex.org/I4405287673"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sylvia Perryman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana 59840"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana 59840","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134534","https://openalex.org/I4405287673"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032220933","display_name":"Bruce W. Chesebro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287673","display_name":"Rocky Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/05v7g7w67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534","https://openalex.org/I4405287673"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Chesebro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana 59840"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana 59840","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134534","https://openalex.org/I4405287673"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3160,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3160},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4949,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":150,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82774194,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"213","issue":"1","first_page":"70","last_page":"79"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12159","display_name":"T-cell and Retrovirus Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophage-tropic-hiv-1","display_name":"macrophage-tropic HIV-1","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-replication-efficiency","display_name":"viral replication efficiency","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-transmission","display_name":"virus transmission","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophage-tropism","display_name":"macrophage tropism","score":0.7580000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8905497789382935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.7403643131256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779244956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184204","display_name":"Macrophage","level":3,"score":0.7347288727760315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140704245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933202","display_name":"Viral replication","level":3,"score":0.6709828972816467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.6531698703765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81089528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5134986","display_name":"clone (Java method)","level":3,"score":0.6189336180686951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35693153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239762","display_name":"Tropism","level":3,"score":0.5701752305030823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40767141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285697","display_name":"Recombinant DNA","level":3,"score":0.5295575261116028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.20540031790733337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.17379674315452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.1532566249370575}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004279","descriptor_name":"DNA, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004797","descriptor_name":"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006367","descriptor_name":"HeLa Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007124","descriptor_name":"Immunoenzyme Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011993","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Fusion Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014779","descriptor_name":"Virus Replication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015496","descriptor_name":"CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015699","descriptor_name":"HIV Envelope Protein gp120","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015699","descriptor_name":"HIV Envelope Protein gp120","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015699","descriptor_name":"HIV Envelope Protein gp120","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015752","descriptor_name":"Genes, env","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016655","descriptor_name":"HIV Core Protein p24","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017931","descriptor_name":"DNA Primers","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1006/viro.1995.1547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.1995.1547","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.1995.1547","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6147291","display_name":"Virology","issn_l":"0042-6822","issn":["0042-6822","1089-862X","1096-0341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7483281","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7483281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1006/viro.1995.1547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.1995.1547","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.1995.1547","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6147291","display_name":"Virology","issn_l":"0042-6822","issn":["0042-6822","1089-862X","1096-0341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1726325960","https://openalex.org/W2032614798","https://openalex.org/W1994006101","https://openalex.org/W1953822958","https://openalex.org/W2106460806","https://openalex.org/W2166348753","https://openalex.org/W1922162046","https://openalex.org/W2069407559","https://openalex.org/W2071516463","https://openalex.org/W2234321337"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}