{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000863250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500438897","title":"Identifying effect heterogeneity to improve the efficiency of job creation schemes in Germany","display_name":"Identifying effect heterogeneity to improve the efficiency of job creation schemes in Germany","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000863250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500438897","mag":"2000863250"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00036840500438897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500438897","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500438897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201533460","display_name":"Applied Economics","issn_l":"0003-6846","issn":["0003-6846","1466-4283"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://doku.iab.de/discussionpapers/2005/dp0805.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037829972","display_name":"Marco Caliendo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5887-3037","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5887-3037"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197518295","display_name":"IZA - Institute of Labor Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/029s44460","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197518295"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Caliendo","raw_affiliation_strings":["IZA","IZA , Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IZA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197518295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IZA , Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197518295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040932673","display_name":"Reinhard Hujer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197518295","display_name":"IZA - Institute of Labor Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/029s44460","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197518295"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reinhard Hujer","raw_affiliation_strings":["J.W. Goethe-University","J.W. Goethe-University , Frankfurt/Main, IZA, Bonn, ZEW, Mannheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"J.W. Goethe-University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"J.W. Goethe-University , Frankfurt/Main, IZA, Bonn, ZEW, Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438","https://openalex.org/I197518295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078855824","display_name":"Stephan Lothar Thomsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9677-9199","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9677-9199"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephan L. Thomsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Otto-von-Guericke-University","Otto-von-Guericke-University , Magdeburg and ZEW, Mannheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Otto-von-Guericke-University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Otto-von-Guericke-University , Magdeburg and ZEW, Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078855824"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.5804,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99320388,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"9","first_page":"1101","last_page":"1122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.4934000074863434,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.4934000074863434,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11959","display_name":"Employment and Welfare Studies","score":0.195700004696846,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13389","display_name":"German Economic Analysis & Policies","score":0.047200001776218414,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-creation-schemes","display_name":"job creation schemes","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effect-heterogeneity","display_name":"heterogeneous effects","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-efficiency","display_name":"program efficiency","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-market-programmes","display_name":"labour market programmes","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-unemployment","display_name":"long-term unemployment","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-effects","display_name":"employment effects","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/east-and-west-germany","display_name":"East and West Germany","score":0.5979999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.6720587015151978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6390018463134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6377546191215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5294784307479858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020252794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q713750","display_name":"West germany","level":2,"score":0.49647003412246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.4569263458251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.45062142610549927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.38025766611099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11491531133651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.11275053024291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.06893599033355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00036840500438897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500438897","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500438897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201533460","display_name":"Applied Economics","issn_l":"0003-6846","issn":["0003-6846","1466-4283"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:iab:iabdpa:200508","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doku.iab.de/discussionpapers/2005/dp0805.pdf","pdf_url":"http://doku.iab.de/discussionpapers/2005/dp0805.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-00581909v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-00581909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Economics, 2008, 40 (09), pp.1101-1122. ⟨10.1080/00036840500438897⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:applec:v:40:y:2008:i:9:p:1101-1122","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00036840500438897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/31907","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/31907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gesis.izsoz.de:document/23928","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/23928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401996","display_name":"Social Science Open Access Repository (GESIS \u2013 Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210101898","host_organization_name":"GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Economics","raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gesis.izsoz.de:document/31629","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/31629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401996","display_name":"Social Science Open Access Repository (GESIS \u2013 Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210101898","host_organization_name":"GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"8/2005","raw_type":"Arbeitspapier"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tara.tcd.ie:2262/54007","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2262/54007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400387","display_name":"Trinity's Access to Research Output (TARA) (Trinity College Dublin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","host_organization_name":"Trinity College Dublin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:iab:iabdpa:200508","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doku.iab.de/discussionpapers/2005/dp0805.pdf","pdf_url":"http://doku.iab.de/discussionpapers/2005/dp0805.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.9211000204086304},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319321","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung","ror":"https://ror.org/02qcqwf93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000863250.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000863250.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30853191","https://openalex.org/W632322532","https://openalex.org/W1483323320","https://openalex.org/W1493067109","https://openalex.org/W1506399260","https://openalex.org/W1510164529","https://openalex.org/W1517499775","https://openalex.org/W1530306231","https://openalex.org/W1582975199","https://openalex.org/W1601517327","https://openalex.org/W1886305637","https://openalex.org/W1996246784","https://openalex.org/W2094993328","https://openalex.org/W2131850093","https://openalex.org/W2132056195","https://openalex.org/W2132917208","https://openalex.org/W2138506547","https://openalex.org/W2138752415","https://openalex.org/W2150291618","https://openalex.org/W2159805452","https://openalex.org/W2626090933","https://openalex.org/W3021176487","https://openalex.org/W3121249925","https://openalex.org/W3121516428","https://openalex.org/W3121972818","https://openalex.org/W3122456624","https://openalex.org/W3124120302","https://openalex.org/W3124126245","https://openalex.org/W3124139912","https://openalex.org/W3124428087","https://openalex.org/W3125938983","https://openalex.org/W4403619718"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3125929678","https://openalex.org/W7019800818","https://openalex.org/W1602345882","https://openalex.org/W2170468628","https://openalex.org/W1517499775","https://openalex.org/W3123521591","https://openalex.org/W7098500621","https://openalex.org/W1605969381","https://openalex.org/W7096858794","https://openalex.org/W1562154258"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Previous":[0],"empirical":[1],"studies":[2],"of":[3,33,54,91,116],"job":[4],"creation":[5],"schemes":[6],"(JCS)":[7],"in":[8,99,105,114],"Germany":[9,109],"have":[10],"shown":[11],"that":[12,25,39,78],"the":[13,17,34,43,71,85,92],"average":[14],"effects":[15],"for":[16,30,42,50,60,89],"participating":[18],"individuals":[19,55],"are":[20,40,95],"negative.":[21],"However,":[22],"we":[23],"find":[24],"this":[26,48],"is":[27],"not":[28],"true":[29],"all":[31],"strata":[32],"population.":[35],"Identifying":[36],"individual":[37],"characteristics":[38],"responsible":[41],"effect":[44,73],"heterogeneity":[45],"and":[46,69,101,107],"using":[47],"information":[49],"a":[51],"better":[52],"allocation":[53],"therefore":[56],"bears":[57],"some":[58],"scope":[59],"improving":[61],"programme":[62],"efficiency.":[63],"We":[64],"present":[65],"several":[66],"stratification":[67],"strategies":[68],"discuss":[70],"occurring":[72],"heterogeneity.":[74],"Our":[75],"findings":[76],"show":[77],"JCS":[79],"do":[80],"neither":[81],"harm":[82],"nor":[83],"improve":[84],"labour":[86],"market":[87],"chances":[88],"most":[90],"groups.":[93],"Exceptions":[94],"long-term":[96,102],"unemployed":[97,103],"men":[98],"West":[100,108],"women":[104],"East":[106],"who":[110],"benefit":[111],"from":[112],"participation":[113],"terms":[115],"higher":[117],"employment":[118],"rates.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}