{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000745932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2753/eee0012-8775460501","title":"Impact of Local Content Restrictions and Barriers Against Foreign Direct Investment in Services: The Case of Kazakhstan's Accession to the World Trade Organization","display_name":"Impact of Local Content Restrictions and Barriers Against Foreign Direct Investment in Services: The Case of Kazakhstan's Accession to the World Trade Organization","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000745932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2753/eee0012-8775460501","mag":"2000745932"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2753/eee0012-8775460501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2753/eee0012-8775460501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2753/eee0012-8775460501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149339240","display_name":"Eastern European Economics","issn_l":"0012-8775","issn":["0012-8775","1557-9298"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eastern European Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10986/5885","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jesper Jensen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesper Jensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["a  TECA Training, H\u00f8rsholm, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a  TECA Training, H\u00f8rsholm, Denmark","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068404136","display_name":"David G. Tarr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1016-4984","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1016-4984"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Tarr","raw_affiliation_strings":["b  World Bank","World Bank"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b  World Bank","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Bank","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1281,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91357222,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"5","first_page":"5","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-direct-investment-in-services","display_name":"foreign direct investment in services","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wto-accession","display_name":"WTO accession","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kazakhstan","display_name":"Kazakhstan","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-and-gas-companies","display_name":"oil and gas companies","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dixit-stiglitz-model","display_name":"Dixit-Stiglitz model","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computable-general-equilibrium-model","display_name":"computable general equilibrium model","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-liberalization","display_name":"trade liberalization","score":0.6299999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778221078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567586","display_name":"Accession","level":3,"score":0.8229955434799194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.7322684526443481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158016649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161726","display_name":"Multinational corporation","level":2,"score":0.7051594257354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.548612117767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.4896109700202942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.4725472629070282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.471064031124115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.4568648040294647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3530484437942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.1429031491279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.13602709770202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.09517064690589905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.07711037993431091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2753/eee0012-8775460501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2753/eee0012-8775460501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2753/eee0012-8775460501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149339240","display_name":"Eastern European Economics","issn_l":"0012-8775","issn":["0012-8775","1557-9298"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eastern European Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:mes:eaeuec:v:46:y:2008:i:5:p:5-26","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=G731068607775231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:eaeuec:v:46:y:2008:i:5:p:5-26","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.2753/EEE0012-8775460501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openknowledge.worldbank.org:10986/5885","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10986/5885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196270","display_name":"The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (World Bank)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","host_organization_name":"World Bank","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:openknowledge.worldbank.org:10986/5885","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10986/5885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196270","display_name":"The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (World Bank)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","host_organization_name":"World Bank","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9211000204086304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.5378999710083008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485676192","https://openalex.org/W1499282593","https://openalex.org/W2043697183"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2208773656","https://openalex.org/W1488706477","https://openalex.org/W3122893057","https://openalex.org/W7027982886","https://openalex.org/W1972378233","https://openalex.org/W2053845245","https://openalex.org/W2039812514","https://openalex.org/W2380832427","https://openalex.org/W2614536174","https://openalex.org/W7130382139"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,86],"employ":[1],"a":[2,53,111],"computable":[3],"general":[4],"equilibrium":[5],"model":[6,24,58,90],"of":[7,15,67],"the":[8,13,18,65,95,98,108],"Kazakh":[9],"economy":[10],"to":[11,17,94],"assess":[12,64],"effect":[14,66],"accession":[16,84],"World":[19],"Trade":[20],"Organization":[21],"(WTO).":[22],"Our":[23,57],"incorporates":[25],"foreign":[26],"direct":[27],"investment":[28],"by":[29,35],"multinational":[30,36,72],"business":[31],"service":[32],"providers":[33],"and":[34,38,49,74],"oil":[37,73],"gas":[39,75],"companies;":[40],"it":[41],"contains":[42],"endogenous":[43],"productivity":[44],"effects":[45],"in":[46,61,82],"both":[47],"goods":[48],"services":[50],"markets":[51],"through":[52],"Dixit-Stiglitz":[54],"(1977)":[55],"framework.":[56],"is":[59],"innovative":[60],"that":[62,78,88],"we":[63],"local":[68],"content":[69],"provisions":[70,77],"for":[71],"companies,":[76],"are":[79,92,101],"highly":[80],"contentious":[81],"WTO":[83],"negotiations.":[85],"show":[87],"our":[89],"features":[91],"crucial":[93],"results,":[96],"as":[97],"estimated":[99],"gains":[100,109],"more":[102],"than":[103,107],"ten":[104],"times":[105],"larger":[106],"from":[110],"constant":[112],"return-to-scale":[113],"model.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}