{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000715691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/mjz.v35i2.46512","title":"Geophagy As A Risk Factor For Helminth Infections In Pregnant Women In Lusaka, Zambia","display_name":"Geophagy As A Risk Factor For Helminth Infections In Pregnant Women In Lusaka, Zambia","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000715691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/mjz.v35i2.46512","mag":"2000715691"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/mjz.v35i2.46512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/mjz.v35i2.46512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/mjz.v35i2.46512","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/mjz/article/download/46512/32907","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764364198","display_name":"Medical Journal of Zambia","issn_l":"0047-651X","issn":["0047-651X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Journal of Zambia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/mjz/article/download/46512/32907","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084304932","display_name":"CJ Shinondo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CJ Shinondo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073295233","display_name":"G Mwikuma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Mwikuma","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5361,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63139236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10695","display_name":"Parasites and Host Interactions","score":0.9419000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10695","display_name":"Parasites and Host Interactions","score":0.9419000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11702","display_name":"Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment","score":0.011300000362098217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11154","display_name":"Parasitic infections in humans and animals","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophagy","display_name":"geophagy","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helminth-infection","display_name":"helminthiasis","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnant-women","display_name":"pregnant women","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ascaris-lumbricoides","display_name":"Ascaris lumbricoides","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trichuris-trichiura","display_name":"Trichuris trichiura","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-ingestion","display_name":"soil ingestion","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lusaka-zambia","display_name":"Lusaka, Zambia","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/termite-mounds","display_name":"termite mounds","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hookworm","display_name":"hookworm","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schistosomiasis","display_name":"schistosomiasis","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strongyloides","display_name":"Strongyloides","score":0.8569999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7546638250350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779861936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738375","display_name":"Trichuris","level":3,"score":0.6250801086425781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.5757450461387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780852908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127076","display_name":"Vomiting","level":2,"score":0.5266739726066589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165901193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3129936","display_name":"Helminths","level":2,"score":0.5209430456161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780492224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310838","display_name":"Ascaris","level":3,"score":0.5158509612083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776622089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2718629","display_name":"Pica (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5031563639640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.5008530616760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781112942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178436","display_name":"Constipation","level":2,"score":0.46590572595596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780580376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186889","display_name":"Nausea","level":2,"score":0.4446059763431549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.1629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.13926497101783752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11802271008491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4314/mjz.v35i2.46512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/mjz.v35i2.46512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/mjz.v35i2.46512","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/mjz/article/download/46512/32907","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764364198","display_name":"Medical Journal of Zambia","issn_l":"0047-651X","issn":["0047-651X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Journal of Zambia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.851.5092","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.851.5092","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ajol.info/index.php/mjz/article/download/46512/32907/","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/mjz.v35i2.46512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/mjz.v35i2.46512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/mjz.v35i2.46512","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/mjz/article/download/46512/32907","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764364198","display_name":"Medical Journal of Zambia","issn_l":"0047-651X","issn":["0047-651X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Journal of Zambia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.4359000027179718,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000715691.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000715691.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14531054","https://openalex.org/W2002520488","https://openalex.org/W2030644382","https://openalex.org/W2063248302","https://openalex.org/W2076098143","https://openalex.org/W2152264862","https://openalex.org/W2155161610","https://openalex.org/W2318751247"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416785710","https://openalex.org/W1940758562","https://openalex.org/W55232971","https://openalex.org/W7028658321","https://openalex.org/W4283449143","https://openalex.org/W2051018067","https://openalex.org/W4296159967","https://openalex.org/W3205085648","https://openalex.org/W2619940943","https://openalex.org/W2892776989"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"has":[1,17,41,337],"been":[2,18,42],"reported":[3,150],"that":[4,104,120,339],"geophagy":[5,55,86,112,163,205,358],"is":[6],"closely":[7],"associated":[8],"with":[9,213],"helminthic":[10],"diseases":[11],"(1,":[12],"2,":[13],"3)":[14],"and":[15,23,69,95,119,145,177,182,215,223,255,272,275,285,293,313,355,390],"it":[16],"especially":[19],"linked":[20],"to":[21,48,81,221,291],"Ascaris":[22,283],"Trichuris":[24,286],"infections":[25,212],"among":[26,87,375],"pregnant":[27,59,62,88,108,353,376],"women":[28,63,89,109,192,239,377],"(4).":[29],"Hitherto":[30],"proof":[31],"of":[32,34,54,58,67,72,85,99,106,116,125,128,162,175,199,304,321,327,346],"existence":[33],"viable":[35],"infective":[36],"ova":[37,226,244,274,288,329,341],"in":[38,56,79,91,204,240,278,379],"geophageal":[39],"material":[40],"anecdotal.":[43],"This":[44,218,335],"study":[45,78,102,219,336],"was":[46,245,359],"undertaken":[47],"determine":[49],"the":[50,65,77,83,107,114,117,133,187,238,241,248,253,299,319,325,332,347,352,370,380],"possible":[51,200],"direct":[52],"role":[53],"helminthiases":[57],"women.":[60],"Eighty-five":[61],"between":[64],"ages":[66],"15":[68],"44":[70],"years":[71],"age":[73],"were":[74,136,194,197,301,342],"recruited":[75],"into":[76],"order":[80],"determined":[82],"prevalence":[84],"resident":[90],"high":[92,371],"a":[93,123,151,228],"density":[94],"low":[96],"income":[97],"areas":[98],"Lusaka.":[100],"The":[101,130,295],"showed":[103],"31,8%":[105],"interviewed":[110,195],"practised":[111],"at":[113],"time":[115],"study,":[118],"71%":[121],"had":[122],"history":[124],"deliberate":[126],"ingestion":[127,312],"soil.":[129],"preferences":[131],"for":[132,153,186,318,364,369],"soil":[134,170,185,234,249,348],"types":[135,235,349],"ranked":[137],"as":[138,207,258,260,356,386],"clay,":[139],"termite":[140],"mounds":[141],"from":[142,227,247,344],"tree":[143],"trunks,":[144],"soft":[146],"stone.":[147],"Some":[148],"respondents":[149,300],"preference":[152],"smoked,":[154],"roasted":[155],"or":[156,232,309],"baked":[157],"clay":[158],"soils.":[159],"Perceived":[160],"benefits":[161],"included":[164],"diminished":[165],"craving":[166],"when":[167],"they":[168],"ate":[169],"(":[171,179],"35.2%":[172],"),":[173,181],"prevention":[174],"vomiting":[176],"nausea":[178],"32.4%":[180],"others":[183],"ingested":[184,236,297],"taste":[188],"(32.4%":[189],").":[190],"Most":[191],"who":[193],"(91.8%)":[196],"aware":[198],"health":[201],"risks":[202],"involved":[203],"such":[206,357,385],"constipation,":[208],"heartburn,":[209],"anemia,":[210],"coughing,":[211],"worms,":[214],"abdominal":[216],"discomfort.":[217],"sought":[220],"recover":[222],"identify":[224],"helminth":[225,372],"total":[229],"3.15Kg.":[230],"Submitted":[231],"collected":[233],"by":[237,251,298,351],"study.":[242],"No":[243],"recovered":[246,343],"samples":[250],"both":[252],"sedimentation":[254],"Zinc":[256],"Sulphate,":[257],"well":[259],"saturated":[261],"sodium":[262],"chloride":[263],"floatation":[264],"techniques.":[265],"These":[266],"techniques":[267],"reliably":[268],"yielded":[269],"Ascaris,":[270],"Schistosome,":[271],"hookworm":[273],"Strongyloides":[276],"larvae":[277],"spiked":[279],"control":[280],"specimens.":[281],"Notably,":[282],"lumbricoides,":[284],"trichiura":[287],"require":[289],"moisture":[290],"survive":[292],"embryonate.":[294],"soils":[296],"dried,":[302],"some":[303],"which":[305,330],"are":[306,331],"roasted,":[307],"backed":[308],"smoked":[310],"before":[311],"thus":[314],"rendering":[315],"them":[316],"unsuitable":[317],"survival":[320],"ova,":[322],"let":[323],"alone":[324],"support":[326],"embryonated":[328],"infectious":[333],"stages.":[334],"demonstrated":[338],"no":[340],"any":[345],"preferred":[350],"women,":[354],"an":[360],"unlikely":[361],"risk":[362],"factor":[363],"geohelminth":[365],"infections.":[366],"Other":[367],"explanations":[368],"infection":[373],"rates":[374],"recorded":[378],"literature":[381],"must":[382],"be":[383],"sought,":[384],"pica,":[387],"poor":[388],"hygiene,":[389],"unsanitary":[391],"environments.":[392]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}