{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000714798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00263208208700503","title":"The Copts in modern Egypt","display_name":"The Copts in modern Egypt","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000714798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00263208208700503","mag":"2000714798"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00263208208700503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00263208208700503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00263208208700503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164505828","display_name":"Middle Eastern Studies","issn_l":"0026-3206","issn":["0026-3206","1743-7881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Middle Eastern Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085024803","display_name":"Janet Pennington","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. D. Pennington","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085024803"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.304,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88245016,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"158","last_page":"179"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13103","display_name":"Middle East Politics and Society","score":0.6753000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13103","display_name":"Middle East Politics and Society","score":0.6753000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10794","display_name":"Islamic Studies and History","score":0.18930000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12555","display_name":"Ancient Egypt and Archaeology","score":0.061799999326467514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coptic-christians","display_name":"Coptic Christians","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-persecution","display_name":"religious persecution","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monophysitism","display_name":"Monophysitism","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coptic-diaspora","display_name":"Coptic diaspora","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coptic-orthodox-church","display_name":"Coptic Church","score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-discrimination","display_name":"religious discrimination","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/christian-muslim-relations","display_name":"Christian-Muslim relations","score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coptic-liturgy","display_name":"Coptic liturgy","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coptic-identity","display_name":"Coptic identity","score":0.32100000977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.5016930103302002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.42805221676826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.33107244968414307}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00263208208700503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00263208208700503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00263208208700503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164505828","display_name":"Middle Eastern Studies","issn_l":"0026-3206","issn":["0026-3206","1743-7881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Middle Eastern Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7699999809265137}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W638364890"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2483432617","https://openalex.org/W2508400056","https://openalex.org/W1966266367","https://openalex.org/W429943111","https://openalex.org/W1492152685","https://openalex.org/W2315368296","https://openalex.org/W2137194570","https://openalex.org/W1990034355","https://openalex.org/W2083665077"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,37,58,175,271,323],"Copts":[1,227,240,354,438],"are":[2,100],"the":[3,8,20,42,61,71,76,89,111,117,122,126,138,141,145,165,183,187,206,209,212,221,224,229,269,279,291,303,316,342,353,368,384,396,428,435,440,467,479],"largest":[4],"Christian":[5,472],"community":[6],"in":[7,13,30,92,95,160,189,223,228,232,302,321,328,383,410,433,439,442,454],"Middle":[9,292],"East.":[10],"Recent":[11],"events":[12],"Egypt":[14,32,48,65,190,411],"have":[15,103],"brought":[16,130],"them,":[17],"untypically,":[18],"into":[19,51,132],"news.":[21],"An":[22],"account":[23],"of":[24,47,60,64,88,98,121,125,128,144,186,196,208,226,278,319,334,341,376,387,395,421,437],"their":[25,360],"contemporary":[26],"history":[27,185],"and":[28,53,137,220,287,313,350,460,462],"position":[29],"modern":[31],"may":[33],"therefore":[34],"be":[35,217,298,450],"timely.":[36],"word":[38],"Copt":[39],"derives":[40],"from":[41,276,352],"Greek":[43],"for":[44,478],"an":[45,431],"inhabitant":[46],"(Aiguptos),":[49],"arabised":[50],"'Qibt'":[52],"thence":[54],"anglicised":[55],"as":[56,173,284,452,457,475],"'Copt'.":[57],"conversion":[59,114],"ancient":[62],"population":[63,230,441],"to":[66,102,115,149,216,243,257,297,309,358,374,413,415,444],"Christianity":[67],"was":[68],"begun":[69],"by":[70,193,268,367],"evangelist":[72],"St":[73],"Mark.":[74],"During":[75],"Roman":[77],"period":[78],"Egyptian":[79,118,325],"Christians":[80,213,320],"suffered":[81,248],"several":[82],"savage":[83],"persecutions,":[84],"among":[85],"them":[86],"that":[87,159,277,427,463],"Emperor":[90],"Diocletian":[91],"284":[93],"A.D.":[94,162],"which":[96,199,401],"hundreds":[97],"thousands":[99],"said":[101],"died.":[104],"'":[105],"Repression":[106],"did":[107,179],"not":[108,157,180],"end":[109,207],"with":[110,135,202,237,348],"Empire's":[112],"official":[113],"Christianity;":[116],"Church's":[119],"support":[120],"monophysite":[123],"doctrine":[124],"nature":[127],"Christ2":[129],"it":[131,155,295],"sharp":[133],"conflict":[134],"Byzantium;":[136],"monophysites,":[139],"representing":[140],"great":[142],"majority":[143],"people,":[146],"were":[147,200,241,255,365],"subject":[148,242],"repeated":[150],"persecutions.":[151],"With":[152],"this":[153],"background":[154],"is":[156,191,307],"surprising":[158],"641":[161],"they":[163,425],"welcomed":[164],"invading":[166],"Arabs,":[167],"at":[168,170],"first":[169],"any":[171],"rate,":[172],"deliverers.":[174],"initial":[176],"honeymoon":[177],"however":[178],"last":[181,324],"long":[182],"early":[184],"Arabs":[188],"marked":[192],"a":[194,218,285,332,377,399],"series":[195],"Coptic":[197,272,304,371,381,408],"revolts":[198],"supressed":[201],"increasing":[203],"severity.":[204],"By":[205],"ninth":[210],"century,":[211],"had":[214],"ceased":[215],"majority,":[219],"decline":[222],"proportion":[225,436],"continued":[231],"subsequent":[233],"centuries.":[234],"In":[235,419],"accordance":[236],"Islamic":[238],"law":[239],"special":[244],"taxation":[245],"(al-Jizya).":[246],"They":[247,254,364],"discrimination":[249,453],"and,":[250],"occasionally,":[251],"violent":[252],"persecution.":[253],"compelled":[256],"wear":[258],"distinctive":[259],"clothing.":[260],"Some":[261],"rural":[262],"communities":[263],"lapsed":[264],"partly":[265],"through":[266],"neglect":[267],"church.":[270],"language,":[273],"derived":[274],"basically":[275],"Ancient":[280],"Egyptians,":[281],"died":[282],"out":[283],"spoken":[286],"literary":[288],"language":[289],"during":[290],"Ages":[293],"(though":[294],"continues":[296],"used,":[299],"alongside":[300],"Arabic":[301],"liturgy).":[305],"It":[306],"difficult":[308],"establish":[310],"anything":[311],"hard":[312],"fast":[314],"about":[315],"present":[317],"number":[318],"Egypt.":[322,407],"census,":[326],"conducted":[327],"November":[329],"1976,":[330],"reported":[331],"total":[333,343,397],"2,315,560":[335],"Copts,":[336],"or":[337,390],"6.31":[338],"per":[339,393],"cent":[340,394],"population.":[344],"This":[345],"figure":[346,400],"met":[347],"incredulity":[349],"protests":[351],"themselves,":[355],"who":[356,465],"threatened":[357],"launch":[359],"own":[361],"head":[362],"count.":[363],"dissuaded":[366],"government,":[369],"but":[370],"sources":[372],"continue":[373],"speak":[375],"much":[378],"higher":[379,423],"figure.":[380],"groups":[382],"US":[385],"talk":[386],"eight":[388,416],"million,":[389],"roughly":[391],"20":[392],"population,":[398],"has":[402,430],"gained":[403],"wide":[404],"currency":[405],"outside":[406],"activists":[409],"refer":[412],"seven":[414],"million":[417],"Copts.3":[418],"defence":[420],"these":[422],"estimates,":[424],"claim":[426],"government":[429,458],"interest":[432],"minimizing":[434],"order":[443],"justify":[445],"what":[446],"would":[447],"otherwise":[448],"clearly":[449],"seen":[451],"areas":[455],"such":[456],"jobs":[459],"scholarships;":[461],"those":[464],"conduct":[466],"census":[468],"invariably":[469],"record":[470],"many":[471],"names":[473],"automatically":[474],"Muslims.":[476],"Apologists":[477]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-06T10:28:23.643775","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
