{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000705656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002234337401100305","title":"Arms Transfers to Latin America: A Note on the Contagion Effect","display_name":"Arms Transfers to Latin America: A Note on the Contagion Effect","publication_year":1974,"publication_date":"1974-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000705656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002234337401100305","mag":"2000705656"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/002234337401100305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002234337401100305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002234337401100305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71119591","display_name":"Journal of Peace Research","issn_l":"0022-3433","issn":["0022-3433","1460-3578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Peace Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111638562","display_name":"Jerry L. Weaver","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59897056","display_name":"California State University, Long Beach","ror":"https://ror.org/0080fxk18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jerry L Weaver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Political Science, California State University, Long Beach"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science, California State University, Long Beach","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111638562"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21244617,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"213","last_page":"219"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12825","display_name":"Defense, Military, and Policy Studies","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12825","display_name":"Defense, Military, and Policy Studies","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13352","display_name":"International Relations in Latin America","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13007","display_name":"Economic Sanctions and International Relations","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arms-trade","display_name":"arms trade","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arms-export-restrictions","display_name":"arms export restrictions","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arms-race","display_name":"arms race","score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance-of-payments","display_name":"balance of payments","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/export-licenses","display_name":"export licenses","score":0.5180000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158886217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16799549","display_name":"Latin Americans","level":2,"score":0.8523457050323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5985239744186401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.5429834723472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93377909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181648","display_name":"Foreign policy","level":3,"score":0.5168257355690002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109948328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140845","display_name":"Balance of payments","level":2,"score":0.5022354125976562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158129432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7766927","display_name":"Statutory law","level":2,"score":0.45917418599128723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.43620312213897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.42978528141975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.4037899971008301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36713355779647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.35904914140701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3540770411491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3119792938232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.24635818600654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.1730414628982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/002234337401100305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002234337401100305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002234337401100305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71119591","display_name":"Journal of Peace Research","issn_l":"0022-3433","issn":["0022-3433","1460-3578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Peace Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:joupea:v:11:y:1974:i:3:p:213-219","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://jpr.sagepub.com/content/11/3/213.abstract","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6601999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979290145","https://openalex.org/W2059280123","https://openalex.org/W2104640286","https://openalex.org/W2113315574","https://openalex.org/W2312704699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2507013036","https://openalex.org/W2254250433","https://openalex.org/W3022347140","https://openalex.org/W2069705450","https://openalex.org/W4312372980","https://openalex.org/W1574402321","https://openalex.org/W4237299541","https://openalex.org/W2322802588","https://openalex.org/W1601740195","https://openalex.org/W2522724997"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"1.":[0],"A":[1],"new":[2,147],"U.S.":[3,122,206],"policy":[4,38,148],"In":[5],"his":[6],"3":[7],"May":[8],"1973":[9],"foreign":[10,137],"affairs":[11],"message":[12],"to":[13,32,58,78,101,201],"the":[14,22,37,52,64,67,87,105,143,156,162,168,173,177,218],"Congress,":[15],"President":[16,106],"Nixon,":[17],"requesting":[18],"that":[19,36],"Congress":[20],"remove":[21],"statutory":[23],"limitation":[24],"of":[25,44,84,99,132,142,145,161,167,170,176],"$150":[26],"million":[27],"on":[28],"financing":[29],"arms":[30,46,91,115,199],"transfers":[31,200],"Latin":[33,49,53,102,109,202,229],"America,":[34],"said":[35],"had":[39,56,71],"not":[40],"realized":[41],"its":[42,81,130],"goal":[43],"restricting":[45],"build-ups":[47],"in":[48,228],"America;":[50],"rather,":[51],"republics":[54],"simply":[55],"gone":[57],"European":[59,90],"and":[60,76,117,172,179],"other":[61],"suppliers.":[62],"At":[63],"same":[65],"time,":[66],"U.S.'s":[68],"self-denying":[69],"ordinance":[70],"cost":[72],"it":[73],"jobs,":[74],"profits":[75],"opportunities":[77],"help":[79,126],"correct":[80],"adverse":[82],"balance":[83,131],"payments:":[85],"during":[86],"period":[88],"19691973":[89],"merchants":[92],"recorded":[93],"more":[94,195],"than":[95],"$1.2":[96],"billion":[97],"worth":[98],"sales":[100,187],"America.'":[103],"Essentially,":[104],"has":[107],"declared":[108],"America":[110],"a":[111,118,193],"free":[112],"market":[113],"for":[114,121,186,224],"contracting":[116],"prime":[119],"arena":[120],"dealers":[123,154],"who":[124,208],"may":[125],"their":[127,214,226],"government":[128,215],"reverse":[129],"trade":[133],"deficit":[134],"through":[135],"expanded":[136],"sales.":[138],"If":[139],"this":[140],"assesssment":[141],"intent":[144],"Nixon's":[146],"is":[149],"correct,":[150],"such":[151],"governmental":[152],"munitions":[153],"as":[155,221],"International":[157,163],"Logistics":[158],"Negotiations":[159],"Section":[160],"Security":[164],"Affairs":[165],"Division":[166],"Department":[169],"Defense":[171,180],"various":[174],"levels":[175],"State":[178],"Departments":[181],"charged":[182],"with":[183],"reviewing":[184],"requests":[185],"or":[188],"grants":[189],"will":[190,216],"presumably":[191],"take":[192],"much":[194],"permissive":[196],"attitude":[197],"toward":[198],"governments.":[203],"Similarly,":[204],"private":[205],"businessmen":[207],"must":[209],"obtain":[210],"export":[211],"licenses":[212],"from":[213],"read":[217],"Nixon":[219],"announcement":[220],"official":[222],"encouragement":[223],"(expanding)":[225],"efforts":[227],"America.2":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}