{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000697293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2190/41pb-wpvv-0vxy-jm1q","title":"\u201cUnattached\u201d Clauses in Technical Writing","display_name":"\u201cUnattached\u201d Clauses in Technical Writing","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000697293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2190/41pb-wpvv-0vxy-jm1q","mag":"2000697293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2190/41pb-wpvv-0vxy-jm1q","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2190/41pb-wpvv-0vxy-jm1q","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2190/41pb-wpvv-0vxy-jm1q","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38495778","display_name":"Journal of Technical Writing and Communication","issn_l":"0047-2816","issn":["0047-2816","1541-3780"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Technical Writing and Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054843329","display_name":"Michael P. Jordan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7364-5254","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7364-5254"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael P. Jordan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054843329"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8848,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9611161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":"65","last_page":"93"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.4059999883174896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.4059999883174896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12373","display_name":"Linguistic research and analysis","score":0.2434999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10366","display_name":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","score":0.13349999487400055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/participial-clauses","display_name":"participial clauses","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammatical-accuracy","display_name":"grammatical accuracy","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absolute-constructions","display_name":"absolute constructions","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infinitival-constructions","display_name":"infinitive constructions","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verbless-clauses","display_name":"verbless clauses","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-voice","display_name":"passive voice","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjectival-clauses","display_name":"adjectival clauses","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-differences-in-writing","display_name":"cultural differences in writing","score":0.4970000088214874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.7704602479934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153962237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401131","display_name":"Noun phrase","level":3,"score":0.7570962905883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776397901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24905","display_name":"Verb","level":2,"score":0.6982063055038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121934690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1084","display_name":"Noun","level":2,"score":0.6628882884979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5486175417900085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.49622923135757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122295659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1500667","display_name":"Nominalization","level":3,"score":0.4858133792877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7928819","display_name":"Viewpoints","level":2,"score":0.44643932580947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134510687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122094","display_name":"Dependent clause","level":3,"score":0.43098515272140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4291522800922394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4105707108974457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.407283216714859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36816078424453735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.227891743183136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.08574968576431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2190/41pb-wpvv-0vxy-jm1q","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2190/41pb-wpvv-0vxy-jm1q","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2190/41pb-wpvv-0vxy-jm1q","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38495778","display_name":"Journal of Technical Writing and Communication","issn_l":"0047-2816","issn":["0047-2816","1541-3780"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Technical Writing and Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W324347489","https://openalex.org/W395692892","https://openalex.org/W572162303","https://openalex.org/W600925941","https://openalex.org/W649694680","https://openalex.org/W1502092707","https://openalex.org/W1504163640","https://openalex.org/W1516355405","https://openalex.org/W1558059424","https://openalex.org/W1800915728","https://openalex.org/W1978960216","https://openalex.org/W2005569910","https://openalex.org/W2008291978","https://openalex.org/W2034297773","https://openalex.org/W2042206119","https://openalex.org/W2048065050","https://openalex.org/W2065740997","https://openalex.org/W2075116404","https://openalex.org/W2093436546","https://openalex.org/W2095587117","https://openalex.org/W2264742718","https://openalex.org/W2314762948","https://openalex.org/W2316856475","https://openalex.org/W2324269035","https://openalex.org/W2418123089","https://openalex.org/W2493474679","https://openalex.org/W2493714463","https://openalex.org/W2797665499","https://openalex.org/W3020959372","https://openalex.org/W3174648596","https://openalex.org/W4205360365","https://openalex.org/W4210418162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W363951456","https://openalex.org/W2037848181","https://openalex.org/W2381932353","https://openalex.org/W2013013593","https://openalex.org/W654648635","https://openalex.org/W2332507336","https://openalex.org/W7023984920","https://openalex.org/W2365886060","https://openalex.org/W2366987153","https://openalex.org/W4382623315"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"views":[1],"concerning":[2],"\u201cdangling":[3],"participles\u201d":[4],"of":[5,11,102,131,137,143,148],"grammarians,":[6],"usage":[7],"experts":[8],"and":[9,18,31,39,44,57,87,96,98,123,140],"authors":[10],"books":[12],"on":[13],"technical":[14],"writing":[15],"are":[16,24,28,34,61,67,77,105,126],"reviewed":[17],"compared.":[19],"Although":[20],"many":[21,145],"unattached":[22,79,138,149],"clauses":[23,46,59,76,92,150],"clearly":[25,74],"unacceptable,":[26],"some":[27],"less":[29],"objectionable":[30],"still":[32],"others":[33],"acceptable":[35,71,146],"practice.":[36],"Absolute":[37],"constructions":[38],"other":[40,89],"clause-relational":[41],"participial,":[42],"infinitival":[43],"verbless":[45],"need":[47],"no":[48],"attachment":[49],"to":[50,64,110],"a":[51,65],"proximate":[52],"noun":[53,55,66],"or":[54],"phrase,":[56],"logical":[58],"that":[60],"not":[62,108],"attached":[63,109],"shown":[68],"as":[69,128],"normal,":[70],"use.":[72],"Even":[73],"adjectival":[75],"often":[78,107],"when":[80],"followed":[81],"by":[82],"the":[83,94,100,103,111,135,144],"passive":[84],"voice,":[85],"intransitives":[86],"several":[88],"grammatical":[90],"structures;":[91],"between":[93,120],"subject":[95],"verb":[97],"at":[99],"end":[101],"sentence":[104],"also":[106,117],"immediately":[112],"preceding":[113],"noun.":[114],"Cultural":[115],"(perhaps":[116],"gender)":[118],"differences":[119],"humanistic":[121],"teachers":[122],"task-oriented":[124],"engineers":[125],"noted":[127],"possible":[129],"causes":[130],"different":[132],"viewpoints":[133],"regarding":[134],"use":[136],"participles,":[139],"greater":[141],"acceptance":[142],"forms":[147],"is":[151],"argued.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}