{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000666624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1610195.1610217","title":"A situated context model for resolution and generation of referring expressions","display_name":"A situated context model for resolution and generation of referring expressions","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000666624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1610195.1610217","mag":"2000666624"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1610195.1610217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1610195.1610217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1610195.1610217","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/1610195.1610217","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407107347","display_name":"European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (ENLG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation - ENLG '09","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/1610195.1610217","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050569927","display_name":"Hendrik Zender","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hendrik Zender","raw_affiliation_strings":["Language Technology Lab, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","Language Technology Lab, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, DFKI, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Technology Lab, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Technology Lab, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, DFKI, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002167578","display_name":"Geert-Jan M. Kruijff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geert-Jan M. Kruijff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Language Technology Lab, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","Language Technology Lab, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, DFKI, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Technology Lab, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Technology Lab, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, DFKI, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065321500","display_name":"Ivana Kruijff\u2010Korbayov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4905-5646","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4905-5646"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivana Kruijff-Korbayov\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":["Language Technology Lab, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","Language Technology Lab, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, DFKI, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Technology Lab, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Technology Lab, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, DFKI, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7483,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63886054,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"126","last_page":"129"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.6460000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.6460000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.10239999741315842,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.037300001829862595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/referring-expressions","display_name":"referring expressions","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/referring-expression-generation","display_name":"referring expression generation","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotic-assistants","display_name":"robotic assistants","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-robot-interaction","display_name":"human-robot interaction","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-identification","display_name":"object identification","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-scale-environments","display_name":"large-scale environments","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-context","display_name":"spatial context","score":0.31200000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132829578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581151","display_name":"Situated","level":2,"score":0.7860400676727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.785093367099762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.7514948844909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6800087094306946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.5983781814575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5119155645370483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.502178430557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5018625259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4669182300567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183322885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007702","display_name":"Context model","level":3,"score":0.4652453660964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.46068528294563293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.13156095147132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1610195.1610217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1610195.1610217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1610195.1610217","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/1610195.1610217","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407107347","display_name":"European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (ENLG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation - ENLG '09","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.164.7123","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.164.7123","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/W/W09/W09-0622.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.495.8453","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.495.8453","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.dfki.de/~zender/publications/zender_etal09-enlg.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1610195.1610217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1610195.1610217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1610195.1610217","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/1610195.1610217","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407107347","display_name":"European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (ENLG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation - ENLG '09","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1442184348","display_name":"Cognitive Systems that Self-Understand and Self-Extend","funder_award_id":"215181","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338370","display_name":"FP7 Information and Communication Technologies","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000666624.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000666624.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47136320","https://openalex.org/W1679944736","https://openalex.org/W1783217918","https://openalex.org/W1871668702","https://openalex.org/W1983707534","https://openalex.org/W2042452952","https://openalex.org/W2074478067","https://openalex.org/W2095925310","https://openalex.org/W2096646663","https://openalex.org/W2113862235","https://openalex.org/W2149448122","https://openalex.org/W2152541456","https://openalex.org/W2788940694"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W118010049","https://openalex.org/W7100162121","https://openalex.org/W2938245606","https://openalex.org/W7099150953","https://openalex.org/W65992005","https://openalex.org/W2925621518","https://openalex.org/W2063047401","https://openalex.org/W3021008407","https://openalex.org/W2787621052","https://openalex.org/W2149448122"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"background":[1],"for":[2,20,76,99,113],"this":[3,21,81,89,94],"paper":[4],"is":[5,22,52],"the":[6,24,55,61],"aim":[7],"to":[8,59,66],"build":[9],"robotic":[10],"assistants":[11],"that":[12,23,47],"can":[13,26,109],"\"naturally\"":[14],"interact":[15],"with":[16],"humans.":[17],"One":[18],"prerequisite":[19],"robot":[25],"correctly":[27],"identify":[28,60],"objects":[29],"or":[30,68],"places":[31],"a":[32,70,85,97],"user":[33],"refers":[34],"to,":[35],"and":[36,115],"produce":[37,69],"comprehensible":[38],"references":[39],"itself.":[40],"As":[41],"robots":[42],"typically":[43],"act":[44],"in":[45,102],"environments":[46],"are":[48],"larger":[49],"than":[50],"what":[51],"immediately":[53],"perceivable,":[54],"problem":[56,82],"arises":[57],"how":[58,107],"appropriate":[62],"context,":[63],"against":[64],"which":[65],"resolve":[67],"referring":[71],"expression":[72],"(RE).":[73],"Existing":[74],"algorithms":[75],"generating":[77],"REs":[78],"generally":[79],"bypass":[80],"by":[83],"assuming":[84],"given":[86],"context.":[87],"In":[88],"paper,":[90],"we":[91],"explicitly":[92],"address":[93],"problem,":[95],"proposing":[96],"method":[98],"context":[100],"determination":[101],"large-scale":[103],"space.":[104],"We":[105],"show":[106],"it":[108],"be":[110],"applied":[111],"both":[112],"resolving":[114],"producing":[116],"REs.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}