{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000653059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5530/fra.2014.1.6","title":"Candesartan modulates the antioxidant effect of silymarin against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats","display_name":"Candesartan modulates the antioxidant effect of silymarin against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000653059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5530/fra.2014.1.6","mag":"2000653059"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5530/fra.2014.1.6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5530/fra.2014.1.6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5530/fra.2014.1.6","pdf_url":"https://www.antiox.org/index.php/fra/article/download/112/104","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764842060","display_name":"Free Radicals and Antioxidants","issn_l":"2231-2536","issn":["2231-2536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Free Radicals and Antioxidants","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.antiox.org/index.php/fra/article/download/112/104","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045821088","display_name":"Ramadan A.M. Hemeida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1870-9585","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1870-9585"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramadan A. M. Hemeida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049809590","display_name":"Ihab Talat Abdel-Raheem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4969-802X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4969-802X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169744251","display_name":"Damanhour University","ror":"https://ror.org/03svthf85","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169744251"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ihab T. Abdel-Raheem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169744251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111904055","display_name":"Gamal A. El-Sherbiny","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130309236","display_name":"Kafrelsheikh University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a97mm30","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130309236"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gamal A. El-Sherbiny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130309236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002695125","display_name":"El\u2010Shaimaa A. Arafa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9034-6624","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9034-6624"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113643904","display_name":"Beni-Suef University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pn4yv70","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"El-Shaimaa A. Arafa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023517550","display_name":"Abdel-Gawad S. Abdel-Gawad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdel-Gawad S. Abdel-Gawad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"32","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12689","display_name":"Silymarin and Mushroom Poisoning","score":0.7925000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12689","display_name":"Silymarin and Mushroom Poisoning","score":0.7925000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10966","display_name":"Liver physiology and pathology","score":0.11999999731779099,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11465","display_name":"Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection","score":0.07890000194311142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/candesartan","display_name":"candesartan","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silymarin","display_name":"silymarin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-fibrosis","display_name":"liver fibrosis","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-tetrachloride-induced-liver-injury","display_name":"carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combination-therapy","display_name":"combination therapy","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-activity","display_name":"antioxidant activity","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tnf-alpha","display_name":"TNF-\u03b1","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malondialdehyde","display_name":"malondialdehyde","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutathione","display_name":"glutathione","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superoxide-dismutase","display_name":"superoxide dismutase","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitric-oxide","display_name":"nitric oxide","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatoprotective-effect","display_name":"hepatoprotection","score":0.7990000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102124568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5009626","display_name":"CCL4","level":3,"score":0.8028963804244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.6552127599716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776637226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658207","display_name":"Liver injury","level":2,"score":0.6112090349197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.5922741889953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538909803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116907","display_name":"Glutathione","level":3,"score":0.5449756979942322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.5444515943527222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5228403210639954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780559512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605709","display_name":"Fibrosis","level":2,"score":0.5024158954620361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.44868600368499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.4110790193080902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.38827502727508545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3528237044811249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777359374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225045","display_name":"Carbon tetrachloride","level":2,"score":0.33017414808273315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.10255560278892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.05929166078567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5530/fra.2014.1.6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5530/fra.2014.1.6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5530/fra.2014.1.6","pdf_url":"https://www.antiox.org/index.php/fra/article/download/112/104","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764842060","display_name":"Free Radicals and Antioxidants","issn_l":"2231-2536","issn":["2231-2536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Free Radicals and Antioxidants","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5530/fra.2014.1.6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5530/fra.2014.1.6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5530/fra.2014.1.6","pdf_url":"https://www.antiox.org/index.php/fra/article/download/112/104","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764842060","display_name":"Free Radicals and Antioxidants","issn_l":"2231-2536","issn":["2231-2536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Free Radicals and Antioxidants","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334795","display_name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000653059.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000653059.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64851008","https://openalex.org/W1952039521","https://openalex.org/W1963633297","https://openalex.org/W1978567215","https://openalex.org/W1985582925","https://openalex.org/W1986824467","https://openalex.org/W1999498382","https://openalex.org/W2006370393","https://openalex.org/W2013322023","https://openalex.org/W2027515943","https://openalex.org/W2049602522","https://openalex.org/W2052532100","https://openalex.org/W2053054955","https://openalex.org/W2070761972","https://openalex.org/W2072548318","https://openalex.org/W2073317151","https://openalex.org/W2084044180","https://openalex.org/W2084208973","https://openalex.org/W2085772390","https://openalex.org/W2086378628","https://openalex.org/W2086914162","https://openalex.org/W2124728669","https://openalex.org/W2132520424","https://openalex.org/W2136578956","https://openalex.org/W2145491327","https://openalex.org/W2161418811","https://openalex.org/W2263023695"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2184839737","https://openalex.org/W2590489784","https://openalex.org/W2483065606","https://openalex.org/W4317806643","https://openalex.org/W7118934403","https://openalex.org/W4417148072","https://openalex.org/W1599932120","https://openalex.org/W3215435590","https://openalex.org/W2015885200","https://openalex.org/W7153579002"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aim:":[0],"Liver":[1],"fibrosis":[2],"represents":[3],"the":[4,31,39,159,162],"final":[5],"common":[6],"pathway":[7],"of":[8,14,33,42,123,133,147,165,200],"chronic":[9],"hepatic":[10],"inflammation.":[11],"The":[12,181],"efficiency":[13],"single":[15],"drug":[16,178,193],"is":[17,25,174,188,196],"limited":[18],"in":[19,50,92,109],"liver":[20,52,110,113,131],"fibrosis.":[21,53],"Consequently,":[22],"combined":[23,163],"therapy":[24,183],"more":[26,189],"effective":[27,190],"than":[28,176,191],"monotherapy.":[29],"Therefore,":[30],"aim":[32],"this":[34],"study":[35],"was":[36],"to":[37,198],"investigate":[38],"preventive":[40],"effect":[41,172],"candesatran":[43],"(CAN),":[44],"silymarin":[45],"(SIL)":[46],"and":[47,74,88,101,104,126,136,139,143,186],"their":[48,75,201],"combination":[49,76,182],"CCL4-induced":[51],"Methods:":[54],"Rats":[55],"were":[56,81,90,107,115],"divided":[57],"into":[58],"five":[59],"groups:":[60],"Control,":[61],"CCL4-treated":[62],"rats,":[63],"CAN-treated":[64],"rats":[65,70],"(2":[66],"mg/kg/day,":[67,72],"orally),":[68],"SIL-treated":[69],"(100":[71],"orally)":[73],"(SIL+CAN)-treated":[77],"rats.":[78],"All":[79],"groups":[80],"treated":[82],"for":[83],"7":[84],"weeks.":[85],"ALT,":[86,124],"AST":[87,125],"GGT":[89],"determined":[91],"serum.":[93],"TNF-\u03b1,":[94,134],"oxidative":[95],"stress":[96],"parameters":[97],"(MDA,":[98],"GSH":[99,141],"levels":[100],"SOD":[102,144],"activity)":[103],"NO":[105,137],"level":[106,142],"measured":[108],"tissue.":[111],"Other":[112],"tissues":[114],"examined":[116],"histopathologically.":[117],"Results:":[118],"CCL4":[119,129],"induced":[120,155],"marked":[121],"elevation":[122],"GGT.":[127],"Moreover,":[128],"increased":[130],"tissue":[132],"MDA":[135],"contents":[138],"decreased":[140],"activity.":[145],"Administration":[146],"either":[148,192],"CAN":[149,166,185],"or":[150],"SIL":[151,168,187],"significantly":[152],"alleviated":[153],"CCL4-":[154],"biochemical":[156],"changes.":[157],"On":[158],"other":[160],"hand":[161],"administration":[164],"with":[167],"has":[169],"an":[170],"ameliorative":[171],"which":[173,195],"greater":[175],"each":[177],"alone.":[179],"Conclusion:":[180],"between":[184],"alone":[194],"attributed":[197],"augmentation":[199],"antioxidant":[202],"effects.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}