{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000644534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1199","title":"An Obsolescing Bargain in Chad: Shifts in Leverage between the Government and the World Bank","display_name":"An Obsolescing Bargain in Chad: Shifts in Leverage between the Government and the World Bank","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000644534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1199","mag":"2000644534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2202/1469-3569.1199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99707577","display_name":"Business and Politics","issn_l":"1369-5258","issn":["1369-5258","1469-3569"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Business and Politics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"John A. Gould","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189774192","display_name":"Colorado College","ror":"https://ror.org/03tg3h819","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189774192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John A. Gould","raw_affiliation_strings":["COLORADO COLLEGE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COLORADO COLLEGE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189774192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038689657","display_name":"Matthew S. Winters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3693-9461","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3693-9461"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew S. Winters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4756,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96537072,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12225","display_name":"Political Influence and Corporate Strategies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-bank","display_name":"World Bank","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-curse","display_name":"resource curse","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rubinstein-bargaining-model","display_name":"Rubinstein bargaining model","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-financial-institutions","display_name":"international financial institutions","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multinational-corporations","display_name":"multinational corporations","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domestic-politics","display_name":"domestic politics","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-political-economy","display_name":"international political economy","score":0.45899999141693115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780761599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72596","display_name":"Resource curse","level":3,"score":0.7299860119819641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.723820686340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158016649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161726","display_name":"Multinational corporation","level":2,"score":0.7020425200462341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6003851294517517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780273121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109411","display_name":"Curse","level":2,"score":0.5448085069656372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5281365513801575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42719998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4112567901611328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3965149223804474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.3441465497016907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.32772713899612427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.3251104950904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2539407014846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.1982106864452362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1303381323814392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08887916803359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2202/1469-3569.1199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99707577","display_name":"Business and Politics","issn_l":"1369-5258","issn":["1369-5258","1469-3569"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Business and Politics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cup:buspol:v:9:y:2007:i:02:p:1-34_00","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S136952580000190X/type/journal_article","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44325354","https://openalex.org/W132993112","https://openalex.org/W167080044","https://openalex.org/W284204547","https://openalex.org/W567023864","https://openalex.org/W627454739","https://openalex.org/W1484446663","https://openalex.org/W1495290947","https://openalex.org/W1503150923","https://openalex.org/W1503814788","https://openalex.org/W1514205708","https://openalex.org/W1563281257","https://openalex.org/W1585950573","https://openalex.org/W1866491552","https://openalex.org/W1921526426","https://openalex.org/W1971781675","https://openalex.org/W1980111222","https://openalex.org/W1987977935","https://openalex.org/W1991338545","https://openalex.org/W1992813652","https://openalex.org/W2001671006","https://openalex.org/W2004970594","https://openalex.org/W2015728535","https://openalex.org/W2016297047","https://openalex.org/W2020052921","https://openalex.org/W2024914273","https://openalex.org/W2026556629","https://openalex.org/W2031912804","https://openalex.org/W2046834449","https://openalex.org/W2048580297","https://openalex.org/W2055832923","https://openalex.org/W2061895295","https://openalex.org/W2071249181","https://openalex.org/W2075354361","https://openalex.org/W2075848804","https://openalex.org/W2102128724","https://openalex.org/W2102628572","https://openalex.org/W2105000800","https://openalex.org/W2112374372","https://openalex.org/W2118491091","https://openalex.org/W2121419928","https://openalex.org/W2128373942","https://openalex.org/W2130128307","https://openalex.org/W2144289211","https://openalex.org/W2144537661","https://openalex.org/W2148388782","https://openalex.org/W2151843295","https://openalex.org/W2153908841","https://openalex.org/W2154029499","https://openalex.org/W2158766100","https://openalex.org/W2164186827","https://openalex.org/W2165933393","https://openalex.org/W2306299242","https://openalex.org/W2316302767","https://openalex.org/W2327224843","https://openalex.org/W2335082648","https://openalex.org/W2800999132","https://openalex.org/W2802682497","https://openalex.org/W2954912999","https://openalex.org/W3023039983","https://openalex.org/W3112445741","https://openalex.org/W3124612997","https://openalex.org/W3125364203","https://openalex.org/W3125701855","https://openalex.org/W4206974142","https://openalex.org/W4211026987","https://openalex.org/W4213331037","https://openalex.org/W4234102899","https://openalex.org/W4237758813","https://openalex.org/W4241743670","https://openalex.org/W4255984008"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W216846016","https://openalex.org/W1484446663","https://openalex.org/W2789320893","https://openalex.org/W2139663648","https://openalex.org/W2016385194","https://openalex.org/W7017885078","https://openalex.org/W1986900416","https://openalex.org/W112412734","https://openalex.org/W2978576797","https://openalex.org/W4311320010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,69],"applies":[2],"the":[3,26,35,41,51,63,122,131],"insights":[4],"of":[5,44],"obsolescing":[6,45,126],"bargaining":[7,37,46,73,98],"theory":[8,47],"to":[9,55,112,121],"a":[10,14,110],"situation":[11],"in":[12,62,78,124,130],"which":[13,125],"host":[15,100],"country":[16],"interacted":[17],"with":[18,60,119],"both":[19],"multinational":[20],"corporations":[21,117],"and":[22,34,81,87,102,116],"an":[23],"international":[24,103,113],"organization,":[25],"World":[27,52],"Bank.":[28],"Drawing":[29],"on":[30,90],"resource":[31,84],"curse":[32,85],"literature":[33],"Rubinstein":[36],"model,":[38],"we":[39],"demonstrate":[40],"continued":[42],"usefulness":[43],"by":[48],"explaining":[49],"why":[50],"Bank":[53],"had":[54],"renegotiate":[56],"its":[57],"initial":[58],"bargain":[59],"Chad":[61],"Chad-Cameroon":[64],"Oil":[65],"Pipeline":[66],"Project.":[67],"The":[68,105],"explores":[70],"how":[71,83],"specific":[72],"parameters":[74],"changed":[75],"over":[76],"time":[77],"this":[79],"case":[80,106],"suggests":[82],"dynamics":[86],"their":[88],"impact":[89],"domestic":[91],"politics":[92],"might":[93],"be":[94],"particularly":[95],"relevant":[96],"for":[97],"between":[99],"countries":[101],"actors.":[104],"study":[107],"serves":[108],"as":[109],"warning":[111],"financial":[114],"institutions":[115],"alike":[118],"regard":[120],"ways":[123],"bargains":[127],"can":[128],"arise":[129],"contemporary":[132],"global":[133],"political-economy.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}