{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000608900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/870247","title":"Structural Lightweight Concrete Production by Using Oil Palm Shell","display_name":"Structural Lightweight Concrete Production by Using Oil Palm Shell","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000608900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/870247","mag":"2000608900"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2014/870247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/870247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/870247","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2014/870247.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185114","display_name":"Journal of Materials","issn_l":"2314-4866","issn":["2314-4866","2314-4874"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2014/870247.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044519668","display_name":"Md. Habibur Rahman Sobuz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6279-5406","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6279-5406"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Habibur Rahman Sobuz","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia","School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104108704","display_name":"Noor Md. Sadiqul Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7104-0286","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7104-0286"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noor Md. Sadiqul Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia","School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102710702","display_name":"Nafisa Tamanna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7771-5130","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7771-5130","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9726-1968"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41461413","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","ror":"https://ror.org/05b307002","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nafisa Tamanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak 94300, Malaysia","Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak 94300, #N#Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7771-5130","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak 94300, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak 94300, #N#Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100742557","display_name":"Md. Saiful Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1579-9452","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1579-9452","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1391-9625"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Saiful Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044519668"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2103,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88379397,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2014","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13140","display_name":"Materials Engineering and Processing","score":0.6836000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13140","display_name":"Materials Engineering and Processing","score":0.6836000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11847","display_name":"Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance","score":0.2451000064611435,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.02710000053048134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-palm-shell","display_name":"oil palm shell","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-lightweight-concrete","display_name":"structural lightweight concrete","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coarse-aggregate-replacement","display_name":"coarse aggregate replacement","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-waste-utilization","display_name":"agricultural waste utilization","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"compressive strength","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-strength","display_name":"flexural strength","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastic-modulus","display_name":"elastic modulus","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/splitting-tensile-strength","display_name":"splitting tensile strength","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concrete-density","display_name":"concrete density","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mix-proportion","display_name":"mix proportion","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-cement-ratio","display_name":"water-cement ratio","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-analysis","display_name":"cost analysis","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-materials","display_name":"building materials","score":0.42899999022483826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988237154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231458","display_name":"Palm oil","level":2,"score":0.7222234606742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.6951990127563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.6880804300308228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29314403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15637103","display_name":"Gradation","level":2,"score":0.622055172920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780021121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844123","display_name":"Portland cement","level":3,"score":0.617898166179657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196029304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584","display_name":"Young's modulus","level":2,"score":0.5954610705375671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.5711916089057922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.5237165093421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5118317008018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781052500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2230313","display_name":"Shell (structure)","level":2,"score":0.46124690771102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985847231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12154181","display_name":"Production cost","level":2,"score":0.42347967624664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.36122041940689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3042891323566437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1525934934616089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.057771652936935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2014/870247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/870247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/870247","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2014/870247.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185114","display_name":"Journal of Materials","issn_l":"2314-4866","issn":["2314-4866","2314-4874"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:psasir.upm.edu.my:35495","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/35495/1/Structural%20Lightweight%20Concrete%20Production%20by.pdf","pdf_url":"http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/35495/1/Structural%20Lightweight%20Concrete%20Production%20by.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196260","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","host_organization_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2014/870247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/870247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/870247","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2014/870247.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185114","display_name":"Journal of Materials","issn_l":"2314-4866","issn":["2314-4866","2314-4874"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7444250607","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21206133","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324896","funder_display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324896","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","ror":"https://ror.org/05b307002"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000608900.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000608900.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W837698353","https://openalex.org/W1521141339","https://openalex.org/W1836615699","https://openalex.org/W1966885740","https://openalex.org/W2005460273","https://openalex.org/W2018140349","https://openalex.org/W2043363832","https://openalex.org/W2088836166","https://openalex.org/W2134817026","https://openalex.org/W2143108415","https://openalex.org/W2146104472","https://openalex.org/W2157895513","https://openalex.org/W2159902868"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2804287284","https://openalex.org/W7052889484","https://openalex.org/W7099740451","https://openalex.org/W2093535117","https://openalex.org/W2610659835","https://openalex.org/W4386463291","https://openalex.org/W2159902868","https://openalex.org/W2184754052","https://openalex.org/W2995590103","https://openalex.org/W2005700912"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conventional":[0],"building":[1],"materials":[2],"are":[3],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6,29,127,192],"a":[7,23,90],"developing":[8],"country":[9],"like":[10],"Malaysia.":[11],"This":[12,33],"type":[13,24],"of":[14,25,43,49,79,117,123,133,138,141,157,167,175,187,195],"material":[15],"is":[16,22,182],"costly.":[17],"Oil":[18],"palm":[19],"shell":[20],"(OPS)":[21],"farming":[26],"solid":[27],"waste":[28],"the":[30,47,57,77,107,121,124,154,173,185,193],"tropical":[31],"region.":[32],"paper":[34],"aims":[35],"to":[36,153,169,172],"investigate":[37],"strength":[38,116],"characteristics":[39],"and":[40,70,87,103,146,151],"cost":[41,165],"analysis":[42,161],"concrete":[44,118],"produced":[45],"using":[46],"gradation":[48],"OPS":[50,88,125,134,176,188],"0\u201350%":[51],"on":[52],"conventional":[53,158],"coarse":[54,93,178],"aggregate":[55],"with":[56],"mix":[58,109,129],"proportions":[59],"1":[60,65,71],":":[61,63,66,68,72,74],"1.65":[62],"2.45,":[64],"2.5":[67],"3.3,":[69],"3.3":[73],"4.2":[75],"by":[76],"weight":[78],"ordinary":[80],"Portland":[81],"cement,":[82],"river":[83],"sand,":[84],"crushed":[85],"stone,":[86],"as":[89,120,177],"substitution":[91],"for":[92,106],"aggregate.":[94,179],"The":[95],"corresponding":[96,155],"w/c":[97],"ratios":[98],"were":[99,148],"used:":[100],"0.45,":[101],"0.6,":[102],"0.75,":[104],"respectively,":[105],"defined":[108],"proportions.":[110],"Test":[111],"results":[112],"indicate":[113],"that":[114,184],"compressive":[115],"decreased":[119],"percentage":[122],"increased":[126],"each":[128],"ratio.":[130],"Other":[131],"properties":[132,156],"concrete,":[135],"namely,":[136],"modulus":[137,140],"rupture,":[139],"elasticity,":[142],"splitting":[143],"tensile":[144],"strength,":[145],"density,":[147],"also":[149,162],"determined":[150],"compared":[152],"concrete.":[159,198],"Economic":[160],"indicates":[163],"possible":[164],"reduction":[166],"up":[168],"15%":[170],"due":[171],"use":[174,186],"Finally,":[180],"it":[181],"concluded":[183],"has":[189],"great":[190],"potential":[191],"production":[194],"structural":[196],"lightweight":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
