{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000580285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1936970","title":"Structure and Succession in the Tree Stratum at Lake George, New York","display_name":"Structure and Succession in the Tree Stratum at Lake George, New York","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000580285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1936970","mag":"2000580285"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1936970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1936970","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1936970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35917800","display_name":"Ecology","issn_l":"0012-9658","issn":["0012-9658","1939-9170"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029130894","display_name":"Stuart Alan Nicholson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2034-9117","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2034-9117"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stuart A. Nicholson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082749236","display_name":"Jon T. Scott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-7091","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-7091"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jon T. Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051082250","display_name":"Alvin R. Breisch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alvin R. Breisch","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3970},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17088305,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"6","first_page":"1240","last_page":"1254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12618","display_name":"Botany and Plant Ecology Studies","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-species-composition","display_name":"tree species composition","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-succession","display_name":"forest succession","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stand-type","display_name":"stand type","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tsuga","display_name":"hemlock","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eastern-hemlock","display_name":"Tsuga canadensis","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beech","display_name":"beech","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fagus-grandifolia","display_name":"Fagus grandifolia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sugar-maple","display_name":"sugar maple","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logging-disturbance","display_name":"logging disturbance","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lake-george","display_name":"Lake George","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-york","display_name":"New York","score":0.43799999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779237806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739430","display_name":"Tsuga","level":2,"score":0.9493376016616821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175570560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2029312","display_name":"Ordination","level":2,"score":0.9371160268783569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776500793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25403","display_name":"Beech","level":2,"score":0.838706374168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150117547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188230","display_name":"Ecological succession","level":2,"score":0.647916316986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780414537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42292","display_name":"Maple","level":2,"score":0.6038401126861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.591580867767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.48453038930892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.45428726077079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.4447583556175232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139669111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422666","display_name":"Understory","level":3,"score":0.4173603057861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3000677525997162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.25122374296188354}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1936970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1936970","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1936970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35917800","display_name":"Ecology","issn_l":"0012-9658","issn":["0012-9658","1939-9170"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8518999814987183,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W774501160","https://openalex.org/W1544206333","https://openalex.org/W1570596556","https://openalex.org/W1966382716","https://openalex.org/W1979552292","https://openalex.org/W1990790633","https://openalex.org/W1995134274","https://openalex.org/W2018869921","https://openalex.org/W2026354629","https://openalex.org/W2044197468","https://openalex.org/W2045435131","https://openalex.org/W2061473124","https://openalex.org/W2065572552","https://openalex.org/W2108372217","https://openalex.org/W2119477152","https://openalex.org/W2217212961","https://openalex.org/W2315149725","https://openalex.org/W2322933842","https://openalex.org/W2329703755","https://openalex.org/W2334405335","https://openalex.org/W2605760202","https://openalex.org/W2795771849","https://openalex.org/W2797345115","https://openalex.org/W2798235623","https://openalex.org/W3028236768","https://openalex.org/W3142778671"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023099300","https://openalex.org/W2143411220","https://openalex.org/W1220689193","https://openalex.org/W2008180747","https://openalex.org/W2546230451","https://openalex.org/W2061015378","https://openalex.org/W2029426530","https://openalex.org/W2944241059","https://openalex.org/W2139565002","https://openalex.org/W7097759291"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tree":[0],"species":[1,210],"composition":[2],"in":[3,63,74,119,142,154,168,211,228],"55":[4],"randomly":[5],"selected":[6],"stands":[7,173],"from":[8,190],"the":[9,46,55,64,88,107,116,143,155,191,212],"south":[10],"drainage":[11],"basin":[12],"of":[13,33,82,87,115,137,159,214],"Lake":[14,200],"George,":[15],"New":[16],"York,":[17],"USA":[18],"was":[19,48,196],"analyzed":[20],"by":[21,42,54,152,207],"Bray\u2014Curtis":[22],"polar":[23],"ordination":[24,29,110,161],"and":[25,51,98,111,124,139,162,193],"cluster":[26,43,112,123],"analysis.":[27,44,113],"The":[28],"revealed":[30],"discrete":[31],"groups":[32],"stand":[34,122,126],"types":[35,127],"that":[36,167,202],"corresponded":[37],"closely":[38],"with":[39,106],"those":[40],"delineated":[41],"Since":[45,217],"sample":[47],"unbaised,":[49],"representative,":[50],"minimally":[52],"distorted":[53],"analysis,":[56],"real":[57],"discontinuities":[58,73],"were":[59,70,103,128,146],"presumed":[60],"to":[61,72,148,184,188],"exist":[62],"vegetation.":[65],"Most":[66],"gaps":[67],"between":[68],"clusters":[69],"attributed":[71],"either":[75],"(a)":[76],"environmental":[77],"factors":[78],"or":[79,109],"(b)":[80],"rates":[81],"compositional":[83],"change.":[84],"Successional":[85],"roles":[86],"three":[89,117],"major":[90,121],"dominants,":[91],"hemlock":[92,203,229],"(Tsuga":[93],"canadensis),":[94],"beech":[95,138],"(Fagus":[96],"grandifolia),":[97],"sugar":[99,140,171],"maple":[100,141,172],"(Acer":[101],"saccharum)":[102],"also":[104],"assessed":[105],"aid":[108],"Each":[114],"dominated":[118],"one":[120],"these":[125],"interpretated":[129],"as":[130],"being":[131],"successionally":[132],"related.":[133],"Present":[134],"high":[135],"levels":[136],"study":[144],"area":[145],"thought":[147],"have":[149],"been":[150,220],"promoted":[151],"logging":[153],"late":[156],"1800's.":[157],"Results":[158],"both":[160],"size":[163],"class":[164],"analysis":[165],"suggested":[166],"many":[169],"cases,":[170],"would":[174,181,204],"change":[175,183],"into":[176],"be":[177,205],"ech\u2014hemlock":[178],"stands,":[179],"which":[180],"then":[182],"hemlock.":[185],"In":[186],"contrast":[187],"reports":[189],"Catskils":[192],"elsewhere,":[194],"there":[195],"no":[197],"evidence":[198],"at":[199],"George":[201],"replaced":[206],"any":[208],"other":[209],"absence":[213],"human":[215],"disturbance.":[216],"disturbance":[218],"has":[219],"eliminated":[221],"over":[222],"large":[223],"areas,":[224],"long":[225],"term":[226],"increases":[227],"are":[230],"predicted.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
