{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000565366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/jocn.4.000b42","title":"Quantifying Spectrum, Cost, and Energy Efficiency in Fixed-Grid and Flex-Grid Networks [Invited]","display_name":"Quantifying Spectrum, Cost, and Energy Efficiency in Fixed-Grid and Flex-Grid Networks [Invited]","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000565366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/jocn.4.000b42","mag":"2000565366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/jocn.4.000b42","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/jocn.4.000b42","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/jocn.4.000b42","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180088163","display_name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1943-0620","issn":["1943-0620","1943-0639"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108075939","display_name":"E. Palkopoulou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162098","display_name":"Athens Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqt7s39","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162098"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Palkopoulou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athens Information Technology Center, 0.8 km Markopoulou Avenue, 19002 Athens, Greece","Athens Inf. Technol. Center, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athens Information Technology Center, 0.8 km Markopoulou Avenue, 19002 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athens Inf. Technol. Center, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070914985","display_name":"Marianna Angelou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162098","display_name":"Athens Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqt7s39","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162098"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Angelou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athens Information Technology Center, 0.8 km Markopoulou Avenue, 19002 Athens, Greece","Athens Inf. Technol. Center, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athens Information Technology Center, 0.8 km Markopoulou Avenue, 19002 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athens Inf. Technol. Center, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018045180","display_name":"Dimitrios Klonidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-2062","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-2062"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162098","display_name":"Athens Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqt7s39","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162098"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Klonidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athens Information Technology Center, 0.8 km Markopoulou Avenue, 19002 Athens, Greece","Athens Inf. Technol. Center, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athens Information Technology Center, 0.8 km Markopoulou Avenue, 19002 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athens Inf. Technol. Center, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091236670","display_name":"K. Christodoulopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7241-366X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7241-366X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Christodoulopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland","Sch. of Comput. Sci. & Stat., Trinity Coll. Dublin, Dublin, , Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Comput. Sci. & Stat., Trinity Coll. Dublin, Dublin, , Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059805402","display_name":"Axel Klekamp","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322087612","display_name":"Alcatel Lucent (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00c5mwp75","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612","https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Klekamp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs, Lorenzstrasse 10, D-70435 Stuttgart, Germany","[Alcatel-Lucent, Bell Laboratories, Stuttgart, Germany]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs, Lorenzstrasse 10, D-70435 Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Alcatel-Lucent, Bell Laboratories, Stuttgart, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084895021","display_name":"Fred Buchali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0565-9640","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0565-9640"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322087612","display_name":"Alcatel Lucent (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00c5mwp75","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612","https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Buchali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs, Lorenzstrasse 10, D-70435 Stuttgart, Germany","[Alcatel-Lucent, Bell Laboratories, Stuttgart, Germany]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs, Lorenzstrasse 10, D-70435 Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Alcatel-Lucent, Bell Laboratories, Stuttgart, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046309517","display_name":"Emmanouel Varvarigos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4942-1362","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4942-1362"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Varvarigos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering and Informatics Department, University of Patras, Greece","Comput. Eng. & Inf. Dept, Univ. of Patras, Patras, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering and Informatics Department, University of Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comput. Eng. & Inf. Dept, Univ. of Patras, Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079573429","display_name":"Ioannis Tomkos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9721-3405","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9721-3405"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162098","display_name":"Athens Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqt7s39","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162098"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Tomkos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athens Information Technology Center, 0.8 km Markopoulou Avenue, 19002 Athens, Greece","Athens Inf. Technol. Center, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athens Information Technology Center, 0.8 km Markopoulou Avenue, 19002 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athens Inf. Technol. Center, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0027,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97246442,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"11","first_page":"B42","last_page":"B42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.029400000348687172,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"spectral efficiency","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficiency","display_name":"energy efficiency","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-cost","display_name":"network cost","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-carrier-networks","display_name":"multi-carrier networks","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/break-even-cost","display_name":"break-even cost","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-cross-connect","display_name":"optical cross-connect","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-load","display_name":"traffic load","score":0.5569999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117920542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332920","display_name":"Transponder (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6790217757225037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.619631290435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5726170539855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.4967675805091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21905445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502873","display_name":"Frequency grid","level":3,"score":0.4625757038593292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4325762093067169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.42170509696006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778820799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454688","display_name":"Cost reduction","level":2,"score":0.4193376898765564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4159106910228729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11644782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15401790","display_name":"Cost efficiency","level":2,"score":0.41515934467315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4103524088859558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.40914103388786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3760261833667755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.34202879667282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2751171588897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2050061821937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07800444960594177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1364/jocn.4.000b42","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/jocn.4.000b42","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/jocn.4.000b42","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180088163","display_name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1943-0620","issn":["1943-0620","1943-0639"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544520312","https://openalex.org/W2016412715","https://openalex.org/W2043935917","https://openalex.org/W2044029032","https://openalex.org/W2045707885","https://openalex.org/W2092405370","https://openalex.org/W2105547707","https://openalex.org/W2124625720","https://openalex.org/W2124987781","https://openalex.org/W2133768407","https://openalex.org/W2133915374","https://openalex.org/W2143537450","https://openalex.org/W2148523205","https://openalex.org/W2150547392","https://openalex.org/W2155741057","https://openalex.org/W2170015437"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044029032","https://openalex.org/W2324180457","https://openalex.org/W2757442580","https://openalex.org/W2000015003","https://openalex.org/W1984281281","https://openalex.org/W2225258964","https://openalex.org/W2076983609","https://openalex.org/W2124383461","https://openalex.org/W2144217455","https://openalex.org/W4413555574"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Single":[0],"and":[1,24,33],"multi-carrier":[2],"networks":[3],"offering":[4],"channel":[5],"rates":[6],"up":[7],"to":[8,30,60,74],"400":[9],"Gb/s":[10],"are":[11,28],"evaluated":[12],"under":[13,49],"realistic":[14],"reach":[15],"parameters.":[16],"It":[17],"is":[18,47,72,108],"found":[19],"that":[20,75],"efficient":[21],"spectrum":[22],"utilization":[23],"fine":[25],"bit-rate":[26],"granularity":[27],"essential":[29],"achieve":[31],"cost":[32,39,54,62,68,89,97,104],"energy":[34],"efficiency.":[35],"Additionally,":[36],"the":[37,61,66,70,77,84,87,96,103],"break-even":[38,53],"of":[40,55,69,76,83,98,105],"flexible":[41,57],"orthogonal":[42],"frequency":[43],"division":[44],"multiplexing":[45],"transponders":[46,107],"examined":[48],"different":[50],"settings.":[51],"The":[52,81],"a":[56],"transponder":[58],"corresponds":[59],"value":[63],"for":[64,91],"which":[65],"total":[67],"network":[71],"equal":[73],"related":[78],"single-line-rate":[79],"network.":[80],"impact":[82],"traffic":[85],"load,":[86],"additional":[88],"required":[90],"flex-grid":[92],"optical":[93],"cross":[94],"connects,":[95],"spectrum,":[99],"as":[100,102],"well":[101],"fixed-grid":[106],"examined.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
