{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000555973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(94)90171-6","title":"Quantitative sensory examination of epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in man: combination of morphine and bupivacaine","display_name":"Quantitative sensory examination of epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in man: combination of morphine and bupivacaine","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000555973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(94)90171-6","mag":"2000555973","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8022626"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)90171-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(94)90171-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(94)90171-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140848990","display_name":"Pain","issn_l":"0304-3959","issn":["0304-3959","1872-6623"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pain","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030356918","display_name":"Jannick Brennum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7961-0156","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7961-0156"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802335433","display_name":"Aarhus University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/040r8fr65","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802335433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802582725","display_name":"Gentofte Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/051dzw862","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I2802582725"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802709434","display_name":"Rigshospitalet","ror":"https://ror.org/03mchdq19","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I2802709434","https://openalex.org/I4210145385"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jannick Brennum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Sensory Physiology, Department of Neurology, Gentofte Hospital, DK-2900 HellerupDenmark Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 K\u00f8benhavn \u00d8Denmark Department of Medical Informatics, Aalborg University, DK-9100 AalborgDenmark Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus CDenmark","Laboratory of Sensory Physiology, Department of Neurology, Gentofte Hospital, DK-2900 HellerupDenmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Sensory Physiology, Department of Neurology, Gentofte Hospital, DK-2900 HellerupDenmark Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 K\u00f8benhavn \u00d8Denmark Department of Medical Informatics, Aalborg University, DK-9100 AalborgDenmark Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus CDenmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802335433","https://openalex.org/I2802582725","https://openalex.org/I2802709434","https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Sensory Physiology, Department of Neurology, Gentofte Hospital, DK-2900 HellerupDenmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802582725"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009213444","display_name":"Karin Lottrup Petersen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2398-6664","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2398-6664"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802582725","display_name":"Gentofte Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/051dzw862","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I2802582725"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karin L. Petersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Sensory Physiology, Department of Neurology, Gentofte Hospital, DK-2900 HellerupDenmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Sensory Physiology, Department of Neurology, Gentofte Hospital, DK-2900 HellerupDenmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802582725"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041374907","display_name":"Allan Horn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802709434","display_name":"Rigshospitalet","ror":"https://ror.org/03mchdq19","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I2802709434","https://openalex.org/I4210145385"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allan Horn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 K\u00f8benhavn \u00d8Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 K\u00f8benhavn \u00d8Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802709434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021090793","display_name":"Lars Arendt\u2010Nielsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-1579","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-1579"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Arendt-Nielsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Informatics, Aalborg University, DK-9100 AalborgDenmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, Aalborg University, DK-9100 AalborgDenmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050361725","display_name":"Niels Henry Secher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5207-9932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5207-9932","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9731"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802709434","display_name":"Rigshospitalet","ror":"https://ror.org/03mchdq19","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I2802709434","https://openalex.org/I4210145385"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niels H. Secher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 K\u00f8benhavn \u00d8Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 K\u00f8benhavn \u00d8Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802709434"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066094707","display_name":"Troels Staehelin Jensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3487-6380","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3487-6380"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802335433","display_name":"Aarhus University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/040r8fr65","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802335433"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Troels S. Jensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus CDenmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus CDenmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802335433"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030356918"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802335433","https://openalex.org/I2802582725","https://openalex.org/I2802709434","https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2662,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79590295,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"3","first_page":"327","last_page":"337"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11199","display_name":"Pain Management and Opioid Use","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10196","display_name":"Pain Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidural-analgesia","display_name":"epidural analgesia","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidural-morphine","display_name":"epidural morphine","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidural-bupivacaine","display_name":"epidural bupivacaine","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combination-therapy","display_name":"combination therapy","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoalgesia","display_name":"hypoalgesia","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-function","display_name":"motor function","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadriceps-strength","display_name":"quadriceps strength","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaction-time","display_name":"reaction time","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-temperature","display_name":"skin temperature","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-interactions","display_name":"drug interactions","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-sensory-testing","display_name":"quantitative sensory testing","score":0.5239999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781328992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422806","display_name":"Bupivacaine","level":2,"score":0.9053429961204529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.8273253440856934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777389121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81225","display_name":"Morphine","level":2,"score":0.8169254064559937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15490471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2734305","display_name":"Nociception","level":3,"score":0.7846248149871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7124633193016052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172497186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q328835","display_name":"Somatosensory system","level":2,"score":0.5771255493164062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.5740489959716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780820201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173235","display_name":"Analgesic","level":2,"score":0.49732139706611633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778994108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868462","display_name":"Local anesthetic","level":2,"score":0.45601513981819153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777610700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841215","display_name":"Epidural administration","level":3,"score":0.43904802203178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94487597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11101","display_name":"Sensory system","level":2,"score":0.42689478397369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11527767777442932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0875343382358551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.06695160269737244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000767","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia, Epidural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000767","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia, Epidural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000767","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia, Epidural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002045","descriptor_name":"Bupivacaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002045","descriptor_name":"Bupivacaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002045","descriptor_name":"Bupivacaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002045","descriptor_name":"Bupivacaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002045","descriptor_name":"Bupivacaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002045","descriptor_name":"Bupivacaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002045","descriptor_name":"Bupivacaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002045","descriptor_name":"Bupivacaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002045","descriptor_name":"Bupivacaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004359","descriptor_name":"Drug Therapy, Combination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004359","descriptor_name":"Drug Therapy, Combination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004359","descriptor_name":"Drug Therapy, Combination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009020","descriptor_name":"Morphine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009020","descriptor_name":"Morphine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009020","descriptor_name":"Morphine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009020","descriptor_name":"Morphine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009020","descriptor_name":"Morphine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009020","descriptor_name":"Morphine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009020","descriptor_name":"Morphine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009020","descriptor_name":"Morphine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009020","descriptor_name":"Morphine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010147","descriptor_name":"Pain Measurement","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010147","descriptor_name":"Pain Measurement","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010147","descriptor_name":"Pain Measurement","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010812","descriptor_name":"Physical Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010812","descriptor_name":"Physical Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010812","descriptor_name":"Physical Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012684","descriptor_name":"Sensory Thresholds","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012684","descriptor_name":"Sensory Thresholds","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012684","descriptor_name":"Sensory Thresholds","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012881","descriptor_name":"Skin Temperature","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012881","descriptor_name":"Skin Temperature","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012881","descriptor_name":"Skin Temperature","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015360","descriptor_name":"Analgesia, Epidural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015360","descriptor_name":"Analgesia, Epidural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015360","descriptor_name":"Analgesia, Epidural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017288","descriptor_name":"Pain Threshold","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017288","descriptor_name":"Pain Threshold","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017288","descriptor_name":"Pain Threshold","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)90171-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(94)90171-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(94)90171-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140848990","display_name":"Pain","issn_l":"0304-3959","issn":["0304-3959","1872-6623"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pain","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8022626","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8022626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pain","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/c2bb64fe-32d9-4b0f-8b12-770ba687f224","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/c2bb64fe-32d9-4b0f-8b12-770ba687f224","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Brennum, J, Petersen, K L, Horn, A, Arendt-Nielsen, L, Secher, N H & Jensen, T S 1994, 'Quantitative sensory examination of epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in man: combination of morphine and bupivacaine', Pain, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 327-37.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/cabc2dd0-03ce-11de-82e6-000ea68e967b","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/cabc2dd0-03ce-11de-82e6-000ea68e967b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Brennum, J, Petersen, K L, Horn, A, Arendt-Nielsen, L, Secher, N H & Jensen, T S 1994, 'Quantitative sensory examination of epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in man : combination of morphine and bupivacaine', Pain, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 327-337.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310483","display_name":"Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/03ge1nb22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321589","display_name":"Fondation pour la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","ror":"https://ror.org/04w6kn183"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335119","display_name":"Fonden til L\u00e6gevidenskabens Fremme","ror":"https://ror.org/02kdrgt12"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6864993","https://openalex.org/W618350429","https://openalex.org/W1964096857","https://openalex.org/W1964388086","https://openalex.org/W1968428020","https://openalex.org/W1970580809","https://openalex.org/W1974781042","https://openalex.org/W1977215917","https://openalex.org/W1977807622","https://openalex.org/W1978283158","https://openalex.org/W1979275841","https://openalex.org/W1979530835","https://openalex.org/W1982293754","https://openalex.org/W1985040177","https://openalex.org/W1985207904","https://openalex.org/W1985474556","https://openalex.org/W1988069637","https://openalex.org/W1992191368","https://openalex.org/W1992907842","https://openalex.org/W1994345882","https://openalex.org/W1996209645","https://openalex.org/W2001461949","https://openalex.org/W2002641450","https://openalex.org/W2007265503","https://openalex.org/W2008968662","https://openalex.org/W2014752073","https://openalex.org/W2015431852","https://openalex.org/W2017638547","https://openalex.org/W2017947510","https://openalex.org/W2021040046","https://openalex.org/W2021995562","https://openalex.org/W2033667415","https://openalex.org/W2035190466","https://openalex.org/W2039094363","https://openalex.org/W2040574132","https://openalex.org/W2041458853","https://openalex.org/W2043701643","https://openalex.org/W2050304259","https://openalex.org/W2051005707","https://openalex.org/W2051940652","https://openalex.org/W2053890235","https://openalex.org/W2056434285","https://openalex.org/W2057847366","https://openalex.org/W2059453603","https://openalex.org/W2065447903","https://openalex.org/W2073916943","https://openalex.org/W2077851429","https://openalex.org/W2078526632","https://openalex.org/W2081411728","https://openalex.org/W2085585476","https://openalex.org/W2086309754","https://openalex.org/W2117716846","https://openalex.org/W2118225346","https://openalex.org/W2126398184","https://openalex.org/W2130855513","https://openalex.org/W2134941485","https://openalex.org/W2151256189","https://openalex.org/W2161683772","https://openalex.org/W2167646107","https://openalex.org/W2177597739","https://openalex.org/W2263466242","https://openalex.org/W2315241826","https://openalex.org/W2325720239","https://openalex.org/W2478983304","https://openalex.org/W4233974778","https://openalex.org/W4237463810","https://openalex.org/W4298056602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978546054","https://openalex.org/W2011547260","https://openalex.org/W2060826495","https://openalex.org/W2402488560","https://openalex.org/W2091496453","https://openalex.org/W2098010640","https://openalex.org/W2120866645","https://openalex.org/W4293104755","https://openalex.org/W2377634946","https://openalex.org/W2439665946"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,28],"effect":[1,84,114,140],"of":[2,5,8,144,151,163,167],"epidural":[3,90],"administration":[4],"a":[6,32,111,116,130,135,142],"combination":[7,108,127],"low-dose":[9],"morphine":[10,91,124,170],"(2":[11],"mg)":[12,16],"and":[13,19,58,75,133,171],"bupivacaine":[14,81,105,152,172],"(25":[15],"on":[17,56],"somatosensory":[18,60],"motor":[20],"functions":[21,61],"was":[22,31,40,158],"examined":[23],"in":[24,36,85,96,138,141],"13":[25],"healthy":[26],"volunteers.":[27],"study":[29],"design":[30],"double-blind":[33],"4-way":[34],"cross-over":[35],"which":[37],"combined":[38],"treatment":[39,109,128],"compared":[41],"with":[42,64,99,104,123],"either":[43],"drug":[44],"used":[45],"alone":[46,106,125],"or":[47],"placebo.":[48],"Every":[49],"2nd":[50],"hour":[51],"for":[52],"10":[53],"h":[54],"effects":[55],"nociceptive":[57,87,97],"non-nociceptive":[59],"were":[62,78],"quantified":[63],"12":[65],"psychophysical":[66],"measures.":[67],"In":[68,102,121],"addition":[69],"knee":[70],"extension":[71],"strength,":[72],"reaction":[73],"time":[74],"skin":[76],"temperature":[77],"examined.":[79],"Epidural":[80],"had":[82,110],"hypoalgesic":[83,94,119,139],"all":[86],"tests,":[88],"whereas":[89],"only":[92],"demonstrated":[93,134],"properties":[95],"test":[98],"prolonged":[100,118],"stimuli.":[101],"comparison":[103,122],"the":[107,126,145,149,164],"lesser":[112],"peak":[113],"but":[115],"more":[117],"action.":[120],"induced":[129],"faster":[131],"onset":[132],"modest":[136],"increase":[137],"subset":[143],"test,":[146],"even":[147],"beyond":[148],"duration":[150],"when":[153],"administered":[154],"alone.":[155],"Motor":[156],"function":[157],"not":[159],"attenuated":[160],"by":[161],"any":[162],"treatments.":[165],"Mechanisms":[166],"interaction":[168],"between":[169],"as":[173,175],"well":[174],"their":[176],"possible":[177],"clinical":[178],"implications":[179],"are":[180],"discussed.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}