{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000553910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290405700109","title":"Women in Executive Office: Variation Across American States","display_name":"Women in Executive Office: Variation Across American States","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000553910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290405700109","mag":"2000553910"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/106591290405700109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290405700109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290405700109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108349823","display_name":"Political Research Quarterly","issn_l":"1065-9129","issn":["1065-9129","1938-274X","1938-2758"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Political Research Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070058222","display_name":"Zoe M. Oxley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0487-7171","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0487-7171"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177328695","display_name":"Union College","ror":"https://ror.org/058w5nk68","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177328695"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zoe M. Oxley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Union College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Union College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177328695"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018355100","display_name":"Richard L. Fox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6820-227X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6820-227X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177328695","display_name":"Union College","ror":"https://ror.org/058w5nk68","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177328695"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard L. Fox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Union College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Union College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177328695"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177328695"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4983,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95470867,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"1","first_page":"113","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11432","display_name":"Gender Politics and Representation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11432","display_name":"Gender Politics and Representation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-governors","display_name":"state governors","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-political-representation","display_name":"women's political representation","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-elections","display_name":"state elections","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/candidate-eligibility","display_name":"candidate eligibility","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-parties","display_name":"political parties","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gatekeepers","display_name":"gatekeepers","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-and-electoral-politics","display_name":"gender and electoral politics","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-level-variation","display_name":"state-level variation","score":0.6209999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.7968810796737671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.7909377813339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.683752179145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6640313863754272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780743171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383611","display_name":"Executive summary","level":2,"score":0.545641303062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5292139649391174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994520894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338798","display_name":"Executive order","level":2,"score":0.4447013735771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.43773454427719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4337519109249115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.22900894284248352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.21663978695869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08722853660583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/106591290405700109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290405700109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290405700109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108349823","display_name":"Political Research Quarterly","issn_l":"1065-9129","issn":["1065-9129","1938-274X","1938-2758"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Political Research Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2307/3219838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3219838","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3219838","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108349823","display_name":"Political Research Quarterly","issn_l":"1065-9129","issn":["1065-9129","1938-274X","1938-2758"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Political Research Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8046000003814697,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"score":0.6025999784469604,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"},{"score":0.43220001459121704,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67302779","https://openalex.org/W616622116","https://openalex.org/W1479851367","https://openalex.org/W1490994106","https://openalex.org/W1493605452","https://openalex.org/W1500826514","https://openalex.org/W1558393125","https://openalex.org/W1559339763","https://openalex.org/W1572719580","https://openalex.org/W1969589957","https://openalex.org/W1982134363","https://openalex.org/W1993125233","https://openalex.org/W2009397281","https://openalex.org/W2015616367","https://openalex.org/W2036856040","https://openalex.org/W2037060875","https://openalex.org/W2049057991","https://openalex.org/W2051914570","https://openalex.org/W2055574359","https://openalex.org/W2057251359","https://openalex.org/W2075352694","https://openalex.org/W2075683977","https://openalex.org/W2099756352","https://openalex.org/W2113237750","https://openalex.org/W2138460522","https://openalex.org/W2141652117","https://openalex.org/W2143370470","https://openalex.org/W2145949653","https://openalex.org/W2148306230","https://openalex.org/W2151288688","https://openalex.org/W2160942870","https://openalex.org/W2161221403","https://openalex.org/W2272462921","https://openalex.org/W2299467264","https://openalex.org/W2312789875","https://openalex.org/W2319116162","https://openalex.org/W2319162809","https://openalex.org/W2322183461","https://openalex.org/W2333445120","https://openalex.org/W2334111615","https://openalex.org/W2795757525","https://openalex.org/W2799838514","https://openalex.org/W3023885277","https://openalex.org/W4236172564","https://openalex.org/W4237144073","https://openalex.org/W4301339660","https://openalex.org/W4301653358"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411465876","https://openalex.org/W4396590163","https://openalex.org/W1997392275","https://openalex.org/W2141652117","https://openalex.org/W2998534334","https://openalex.org/W2048759632","https://openalex.org/W2299059244","https://openalex.org/W2209342238","https://openalex.org/W2884347362","https://openalex.org/W2294929075"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"number":[1],"of":[2,29,39,48,76,82,87,106,110,115,126,142],"women":[3,30,57,70,97,127,143],"serving":[4],"in":[5,31,66,72,128,144],"state-level":[6],"executive":[7,64,129],"office":[8,65,130],"varies":[9],"tremendously":[10],"across":[11],"the":[12,73,80,94,104,108,113,124],"American":[13],"states.":[14],"Drawing":[15],"upon":[16],"a":[17,37,116],"comparative":[18],"politics":[19],"framework":[20],"developed":[21],"by":[22,103],"Pippa":[23],"Norris":[24],"and":[25,53,78,84,112,135],"findings":[26],"from":[27],"analyses":[28],"U.S.":[32],"state":[33,44,140],"legislatures,":[34],"we":[35],"derive":[36],"set":[38],"hypotheses":[40],"to":[41,61],"explain":[42],"this":[43],"variation.":[45],"Our":[46],"analysis":[47],"elections":[49,100,151],"held":[50],"between":[51],"1979":[52],"1998":[54],"demonstrates":[55],"that":[56,96,123,136],"are":[58,71,147],"more":[59,69,148],"likely":[60],"run":[62],"for":[63,139,150],"states":[67],"where":[68,79],"eligibility":[74],"pool":[75],"candidates,":[77,107],"demands":[81,109],"gatekeepers":[83],"recruiting":[85],"practices":[86],"political":[88,118],"parties":[89],"favor":[90],"women\u2019s":[91],"candidacies.":[92],"Furthermore,":[93],"likelihood":[95],"win":[98],"these":[99,145],"is":[101],"influenced":[102],"supply":[105],"gatekeepers,":[111],"characteristics":[114],"state\u2019s":[117],"system.":[119],"We":[120],"also":[121],"conclude":[122],"predictors":[125],"have":[131],"changed":[132],"over":[133],"time":[134],"our":[137],"explanations":[138],"variation":[141],"positions":[146],"thorough":[149],"occurring":[152],"before":[153],"1991.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
