{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000492920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.7.1.121","title":"Development of the Coach-Athlete Relationship Maintenance Questionnaire (CARM-Q)","display_name":"Development of the Coach-Athlete Relationship Maintenance Questionnaire (CARM-Q)","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000492920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.7.1.121","mag":"2000492920"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1260/1747-9541.7.1.121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.7.1.121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.7.1.121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33049603","display_name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","issn_l":"1747-9541","issn":["1747-9541","2048-397X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Sports Science &amp; Coaching","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057585125","display_name":"Daniel J. A. Rhind","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2595-4607","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2595-4607"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel J. A. Rhind","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Sport and Education, Brunel University, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK","1 School of Sport and Education, Brunel University, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Sport and Education, Brunel University, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 School of Sport and Education, Brunel University, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036672781","display_name":"Sophia Jowett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7272-0523","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7272-0523"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophia Jowett","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK","2 School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2 School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2208,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91337356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"121","last_page":"137"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11400","display_name":"Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10677","display_name":"Attachment and Relationship Dynamics","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coach-athlete-relationship","display_name":"coach-athlete relationship","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relationship-maintenance-strategies","display_name":"relationship maintenance strategies","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compass-model","display_name":"COMPASS model","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflict-management","display_name":"conflict management","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-support","display_name":"social support","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-networks","display_name":"social networks","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coach-athlete-communication","display_name":"coach-athlete communication","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/questionnaire-development","display_name":"questionnaire development","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-and-validity","display_name":"reliability and validity","score":0.746999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7820190191268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.6660735011100769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.5871725678443909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5761577486991882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84976871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015673","display_name":"Openness to experience","level":2,"score":0.5253709554672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58916136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1663508","display_name":"Content validity","level":3,"score":0.4418397545814514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49453240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163","display_name":"Construct validity","level":3,"score":0.43991395831108093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3703957498073578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.21127089858055115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.19685620069503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1260/1747-9541.7.1.121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.7.1.121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.7.1.121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33049603","display_name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","issn_l":"1747-9541","issn":["1747-9541","2048-397X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Sports Science &amp; Coaching","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W586879896","https://openalex.org/W1483669663","https://openalex.org/W1484864026","https://openalex.org/W1509655198","https://openalex.org/W1527846266","https://openalex.org/W1616758729","https://openalex.org/W1665332082","https://openalex.org/W1930065152","https://openalex.org/W1963767275","https://openalex.org/W1963837396","https://openalex.org/W1992193527","https://openalex.org/W1992686240","https://openalex.org/W1996733631","https://openalex.org/W2005208473","https://openalex.org/W2005760603","https://openalex.org/W2016166118","https://openalex.org/W2025837884","https://openalex.org/W2026560919","https://openalex.org/W2043867338","https://openalex.org/W2044705143","https://openalex.org/W2046412291","https://openalex.org/W2053579379","https://openalex.org/W2056434135","https://openalex.org/W2084975934","https://openalex.org/W2100774179","https://openalex.org/W2107548105","https://openalex.org/W2118338381","https://openalex.org/W2134910599","https://openalex.org/W2135663610","https://openalex.org/W2136418537","https://openalex.org/W2137437974","https://openalex.org/W2148488828","https://openalex.org/W2152599348","https://openalex.org/W2155023555","https://openalex.org/W4250964278"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2212540335","https://openalex.org/W6931218189","https://openalex.org/W2588336771","https://openalex.org/W2046412291","https://openalex.org/W2107548105","https://openalex.org/W1996733631","https://openalex.org/W4415195369","https://openalex.org/W2188920028","https://openalex.org/W2581030973","https://openalex.org/W7099199454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,31,140],"developed":[2],"and":[3,10,40,54,89,121,131,153,173,183],"gained":[4],"initial":[5],"evidence":[6,126],"for":[7,60,127,158],"the":[8,16,22,62,100,128,135,142,159,163,174],"reliability":[9],"validity":[11,69,133,161],"of":[12,15,18,64,70,134,150,162],"a":[13],"measure":[14,107,165],"use":[17],"maintenance":[19,27],"strategies":[20,59],"within":[21],"coach-athlete":[23,65],"relationship":[24,26],"(coach-athlete":[25],"questionnaire:":[28],"CARM-Q).":[29],"In":[30,139],"one,":[32],"50":[33],"items":[34,72,80],"were":[35,81],"generated":[36],"based":[37],"on":[38],"Rhind":[39],"Jowett's":[41],"COMPASS":[42],"model,":[43],"which":[44],"suggests":[45],"that":[46,176],"conflict":[47,114],"management,":[48,115],"openness,":[49,116],"motivation,":[50],"positivity,":[51],"advice,":[52],"support,":[53,120],"social":[55,122],"networks":[56],"are":[57,171],"key":[58],"maintaining":[61],"quality":[63],"relationships.":[66],"The":[67,79],"content":[68],"these":[71],"was":[73,96,108,137,144,166],"established":[74],"using":[75],"an":[76,147],"expert":[77],"panel.":[78],"then":[82],"administered":[83,145],"to":[84,98,146,181],"251":[85],"participants":[86],"(146":[87],"athletes":[88],"105":[90],"coaches).":[91],"Principal":[92],"component":[93],"analysis":[94],"(PCA)":[95],"used":[97],"identify":[99],"latent":[101],"underlying":[102],"structure.":[103],"A":[104],"28":[105],"item":[106],"created":[109],"with":[110],"7":[111],"sub-scales":[112],"measuring:":[113],"motivational,":[117],"preventative,":[118],"assurance,":[119],"network":[123],"strategies.":[124],"Initial":[125],"internal":[129],"consistency":[130],"criterion":[132],"CARM-Q":[136,143],"found.":[138,167],"two,":[141],"independent":[148],"sample":[149],"212":[151],"coaches":[152],"athletes.":[154],"Further":[155],"statistical":[156],"support":[157],"structural":[160],"new":[164],"Future":[168],"research":[169,178],"directions":[170],"considered":[172],"contribution":[175],"this":[177],"can":[179],"make":[180],"coach":[182],"athlete":[184],"education":[185],"programs":[186],"is":[187],"discussed.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
