{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000425824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1653718","title":"SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS OPERATING CONTINUOUSLY IN THE ``VISIBLE'' AT ROOM TEMPERATURE","display_name":"SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS OPERATING CONTINUOUSLY IN THE ``VISIBLE'' AT ROOM TEMPERATURE","publication_year":1971,"publication_date":"1971-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000425824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1653718","mag":"2000425824"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1653718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1653718","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1653718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111655318","display_name":"B.I. Miller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. I. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, Holmdel, New Jersey 07733"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, Holmdel, New Jersey 07733","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111732208","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 E. Ripper","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. E. Ripper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073588977","display_name":"J. C. Dyment","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. C. Dyment","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076420863","display_name":"E. Pinkas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Pinkas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110508409","display_name":"Morton B. Panish","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. B. Panish","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.0063,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98967938,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"9","first_page":"403","last_page":"405"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-lasers","display_name":"semiconductor lasers","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-laser-operation","display_name":"continuous-wave operation","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/room-temperature-lasing","display_name":"room-temperature lasing","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-emission","display_name":"visible light emission","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lasing-threshold","display_name":"lasing threshold","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/far-field-radiation-pattern","display_name":"far-field radiation pattern","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stripe-geometry-lasers","display_name":"stripe-geometry lasers","score":0.7670000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40637687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676237","display_name":"Lasing threshold","level":3,"score":0.8822425603866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.735137939453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121477167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154002","display_name":"Semiconductor laser theory","level":3,"score":0.6835564374923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.6530570983886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.623371958732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5141668319702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108225325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456","display_name":"Semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.5077673196792603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79794668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1616270","display_name":"Heterojunction","level":2,"score":0.4995267391204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.42986544966697693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16334518790245056}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1653718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1653718","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1653718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981590828","https://openalex.org/W2001198212","https://openalex.org/W2083443623","https://openalex.org/W2089507599","https://openalex.org/W2093881804","https://openalex.org/W2094576048"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054480070","https://openalex.org/W2000212430","https://openalex.org/W2001198212","https://openalex.org/W2135806102","https://openalex.org/W2094576048","https://openalex.org/W2093406364","https://openalex.org/W2060451239","https://openalex.org/W2004116628","https://openalex.org/W1989561930","https://openalex.org/W2021850661"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Continuous":[0],"operation":[1],"of":[2],"AlxGa1\u2212xAs\u2013Aly":[3],"Ga1\u2212yAs\u2013AlzGa1\u2212zAs":[4],"double":[5],"heterostructure":[6],"injection":[7],"lasers":[8],"at":[9,37],"room":[10],"temperature":[11],"has":[12],"been":[13,53],"achieved":[14,31,54],"with":[15,32],"diodes":[16],"whose":[17],"lasing":[18,68],"energy":[19,29,39],"was":[20,30,44],"as":[21,23],"high":[22],"1.61":[24],"eV":[25],"(7730":[26],"\u00c5).":[27],"This":[28],"y":[33,76],"=":[34,77],"0.20,":[35],"and":[36,64],"this":[38],"the":[40,47,74],"far-field":[41],"radiation":[42],"pattern":[43],"visible.":[45],"In":[46],"pulsed":[48],"mode,":[49],"low":[50],"thresholds":[51],"have":[52],"up":[55],"to":[56,79],"7450":[57],"\u00c5":[58],"(1.66":[59],"eV)":[60],"using":[61],"both":[62],"broad-contact":[63],"stripe-geometry":[65],"lasers.":[66],"The":[67],"threshold":[69],"remains":[70],"relatively":[71],"unchanged":[72],"in":[73],"range":[75],"0":[78],"0.21.":[80]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}