{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000415112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2014.45054","title":"Evaluation of the Anti-Poaching Programme of the Cross River National Park Okwango Division, Nigeria 2002 to 2013","display_name":"Evaluation of the Anti-Poaching Programme of the Cross River National Park Okwango Division, Nigeria 2002 to 2013","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000415112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2014.45054","mag":"2000415112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/ojf.2014.45054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2014.45054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2014.45054","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=50696","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764773183","display_name":"Open Journal of Forestry","issn_l":"2163-0429","issn":["2163-0429","2163-0437"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Journal of Forestry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=50696","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067001987","display_name":"Augustine Ugar Ogogo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","display_name":"University of Calabar","ror":"https://ror.org/05qderh61","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Augustine Ugar Ogogo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management , University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria","Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management , University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014067566","display_name":"Sijeh Agbor Asuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4156-0202","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4156-0202"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","display_name":"University of Calabar","ror":"https://ror.org/05qderh61","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sijah Agbor Asuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management , University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria","Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management , University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025758884","display_name":"Rebecca Victor Ikpeme","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca Victor Ikpeme","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cross River National Park Headquarters , Akamkpa , Nigeria","Cross River National Park Headquarters, Akamkpa, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cross River National Park Headquarters , Akamkpa , Nigeria","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cross River National Park Headquarters, Akamkpa, Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067001987"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10262086,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"04","issue":"05","first_page":"507","last_page":"511"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12965","display_name":"Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12965","display_name":"Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.0333000011742115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poaching","display_name":"poaching","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-river-national-park","display_name":"Cross River National Park","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-park-management","display_name":"national park management","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rangers","display_name":"rangers","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-livelihoods","display_name":"alternative livelihoods","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-engagement","display_name":"community participation","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protected-area-enforcement","display_name":"protected area enforcement","score":0.6259999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776217272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34577","display_name":"Poaching","level":3,"score":0.9318637847900391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.8630084991455078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780993040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46169","display_name":"National park","level":2,"score":0.7523521184921265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.489803284406662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.48086100816726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29376679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241741","display_name":"Wildlife","level":2,"score":0.4437878131866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.3461712598800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.32600104808807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.22661727666854858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1820337176322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.08748266100883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4236/ojf.2014.45054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2014.45054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2014.45054","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=50696","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764773183","display_name":"Open Journal of Forestry","issn_l":"2163-0429","issn":["2163-0429","2163-0437"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Journal of Forestry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/ojf.2014.45054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2014.45054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2014.45054","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=50696","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764773183","display_name":"Open Journal of Forestry","issn_l":"2163-0429","issn":["2163-0429","2163-0437"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Journal of Forestry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"score":0.7605999708175659,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"},{"score":0.41670000553131104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000415112.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000415112.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045932751","https://openalex.org/W2064938415","https://openalex.org/W2081305132","https://openalex.org/W2168178285","https://openalex.org/W2470321361"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285313745","https://openalex.org/W2762288885","https://openalex.org/W2047303889","https://openalex.org/W2992673482","https://openalex.org/W3013417527","https://openalex.org/W4253729023","https://openalex.org/W2969055757","https://openalex.org/W4235602987","https://openalex.org/W4382140281","https://openalex.org/W2465773937"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Poaching":[0],"of":[1,18,33,55,64,76,98,112,128,145,188],"wildlife":[2],"has":[3],"continued":[4],"to":[5,22,44,49,72,88,119,123,134,194],"be":[6,162,168,175,183],"the":[7,24,30,34,53,56,110,129,143,150,165,178,186,189],"major":[8],"problem":[9],"confronting":[10],"national":[11],"parks":[12],"managers":[13],"in":[14,16,109,149,185,192],"Nigeria":[15,41],"spite":[17],"effort":[19],"being":[20],"made":[21],"curb":[23],"ugly":[25],"trend.":[26],"This":[27],"paper":[28],"examined":[29],"anti-poaching":[31,130],"programme":[32,131],"Cross":[35],"River":[36],"National":[37,190],"Park":[38,191],"Okwango":[39],"Division":[40],"from":[42],"2002":[43,118],"2013,":[45],"with":[46,197],"a":[47],"view":[48],"making":[50],"recommendations":[51],"for":[52],"improvement":[54],"programme.":[57],"Focused":[58],"group":[59],"discussions,":[60],"personal":[61],"interviews,":[62],"review":[63],"official":[65],"records":[66],"and":[67,83,115,121,152,164,177,180],"structured":[68],"questionnaires":[69],"were":[70,86],"used":[71,87],"collect":[73],"data.":[74,90],"Analysis":[75],"variance":[77],"using":[78],"randomized":[79],"complete":[80],"block":[81],"design":[82],"student\u2019s":[84],"t-test":[85],"analyse":[89],"Result":[91],"showed":[92],"that":[93,158],"1":[94],"-":[95],"5":[96],"arrests":[97],"poachers":[99,113],"per":[100,102],"month":[101],"patrol":[103,173],"station":[104],"was":[105,132,156],"significantly":[106],"(P":[107],"0.05)":[108],"number":[111],"arrested":[114],"fined":[116],"between":[117],"2006":[120],"2007":[122],"2011.":[124],"The":[125],"low":[126],"performance":[127],"attributed":[133],"poorly":[135],"equipped":[136,172],"rangers\u2019":[137],"posts":[138],"as":[139,141],"well":[140,142,171],"absence":[144],"alternative":[146,198],"livelihood":[147,199],"options":[148],"enclave":[151,179],"surrounding":[153,181],"communities.":[154],"It":[155],"recommended":[157],"more":[159],"rangers":[160,166],"should":[161,167],"employed,":[163],"adequately":[169],"kitted,":[170],"stations":[174],"constructed":[176],"communities":[182],"involved":[184],"management":[187],"addition":[193],"providing":[195],"them":[196],"options.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-06T09:10:53.072986","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
